Figure 2-12.—Torque adapters.Figure 2-13.—Torque adapters and points of measurement.An easy to remember rule of thumb is that theapplied torque will be greater than the indicated torqueby an amount equal to the length of the adaptercompared to the length of the torque wrench. Forexample, if the adapter is the same length as the torquewrench, the applied torque will be twice as great as theindicated torque. If the adapter is one-third as long asthe torque wrench, the applied torque will be one-thirdgreater than the indicated torque.Figures 2-14 and 2-15 illustrate how to calculateapplied torque.RIDGE REAMERA ridge reamer is used to remove ridges formed atthe tops of cylinders produced by piston rings movingup and down in the cylinders. Figure 2-16 illustrates atypical ridge reamer.The ridge reamer consists of a carbon cutter,adjustable guides, adjustable cutter head, adjustablecutter, and threaded feed screw.Whenever you use a ridge reamer, you must weareye protection, such as a face shield or goggles.2-8
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