Chapter 1 Engine SystemsFigure 1-3.Piston to crankshaft relationship. Engine CycleFour-Stroke Cycle Diesel Engine Figure 1-7.Diesel and gasoline engines compression strokes. Figure 1-8.-Diesel and gasoline engines intake strokes. Figure 1-10.Four-stroke cycle diesel engine. Multifuel Engine Figure 1-12.-Spherical chamber. Two-Stroke Cycle Diesel Engine Figure 1-14.Two-stroke diesel cycle. Figure 1-15.Valve train operation. Fuel SystemsGasoline Fuel Fuel FiltersDiesel Fuel Filters Figure 1-21 .Fuel filter elements. Gasoline Fuel SystemFigure 1-25.-Mechanical nonpositive pump. Figure 1-26.Venturi effect. Diesel Fuel SystemsAir Induction SystemsFigure 1-32.-Turbocharger.Figure 1-33.-Superchargers. Air CleanersDry-Element Air CleanersFigure 1-37.Dry filter cleaning. Figure 1-38.-Oil bath air cleaner. Lubrication SystemOil Filters Filtering Systems Engine Cooling SystemsFigure 1-44.Liquid-cooling system. Water Pump Fan and Shroud - 14081_47Air-Cooling SystemsFigure 1-50.-Expansion tank. Fan and Shroud - 14081_50Chapter 2 Power TrainManual TransmissionFigure 2-5.-Clutch linkage. Automatic TransmissionFigure 2-6.Automatic transmission cross-sectional view. Planetary GearsAutomatic Transmission Operation Auxiliary TransmissionPropeller Shaft Assemblies - 14081_59Final Drives - 14081_60Differentials - 14081_61Assignment 9, Continued - 14081_62Driving WheelsSteering MechanismsPower SteeringFigure 3-3.-Articulated steering assembly.Suspension SystemsSprings - 14081_69Shock AbsorbersTiresValvesMismatchingMechanical IrregularitiesTypes of TreadsTire RemovalTire RepairFigure 3-28.Pneumatic tire demounter. ]Figure 3-31.Locking ring rimTubeless Tire RepairEarthmover Tire RepairFigure 3-35.Hydraulic cylinder and shoeCold PatchesTire SafetyBrake SystemsInternal Expanding BrakesHydraulic Brake System Air Brake SystemAir Storage TanksAir-Over-Hydraulic Brake SystemVacuum BrakesChapter 4 Electrical and Hydraulic SystemsChraging System14081_95Lamps and BulbsAuxiliary LightsGaugesHydraulic Systems - 14081_99Hydraulic ReservoirStrainers and FiltersFigure 4-11.(A) Single- and (B) double-acting hydraulic cylinders. Quick-Disconnect CouplersHydraulic MotorsChapter 5 Rules of the RoadDriving Under Normal ConditionsBacking UpExpresswaysDriving Under Hazardous ConditionsNight DrivingCross CountryVehicle RecoveryOverturned Truck Towing Self and Liek-Vehicle RecoveryInternational Signals and Road SignsFigure 5-15.Traffic signs and markings. Chapter 6 Transportation OperationsFigure 6-1A.-Application for Vehicle Operators Identification Card, NAVFAC 11240/10 (front). Figure 6-1B.-Application for Vehicle Operators Identification Card, NAVFAC 11240/10 (back). Figure 6-2A.-Application for Construction Equipment Operator License, NAVFAC 11260/1 (front). Figure 6-2B.-Application for Construction Equipment Operator License, NAVFAC 11260/1 (back). Figure 6-3.Physical Fitness Inquiry for Motor Vehicle Operators, Standard Form 47. License FormsDispatch FormsFigure 6-6.-Construction Equipment Operator License, NAVFAC 11260/2. STANDARD FORM 91 Figure 6-8.-Operators Daily PM Report, NAVFAC 11260/4. Figure 6-9 Motor Vehicle Utilization Record DD Form 1970.Figure 6-10A Operators Report of Motor Vehicle Accident, Standard Form 91 (front)Figure 6-10B Operators Report Motor Vehicle Accident Form 91 (Back)Transportation PoolDispatchingFigure 6-12.Equipment Status Board. Figure 6-13.-Registration Series and Equipment Category. Figure 6-14 Dispatchers Log NAVFAC 9-11240/2Yard Boss - 14081_138Saltwater OperationsCollateral Equipage CustodianFigure 6-17.Non-NSN Requisition, NAVSUP Form 1250-2. Attachment Custodian - 14081_142Fuel-Handling Vehicle Figure 6-20.-Fuel-service truck. Fuel Safety Bus DriverFigure 6-22.-Bus Inspection Memory Aid. Taxi DriverFigure 6-23.-Daily Labor Distribution Report Form. EmbarkationFigure 6-24 Subcategories of LaborPalletized Cargo - 14081_152NAVFAC P-437 Figure 6-27.-Typical data display for a facility. Figure 6-28.Typical data display for an assembly. Chapter 7 Tractor Trailers and Dump Trucks Van Trailer Tilt-Bed Trailer Prestart InspectionFigure 7-9.Tractor-trailer prestart inspection aid. Engine Compartment Engine Compartment, ContinuedCab Inspection Air BrakesSpring Brakes Trailer Air Lines Trailer Air Tanks Fifth Wheel Assembly Coupling and Uncoupling Coupling and Uncoupling, ContinuedFigure 7-16.Trailer kingpin. Figure 7-18.Electrical connector. Figure 7-19.Air line storage dummy couplers. Turns Backing Figure 7-24.Backing a tractor-trailer. Figure 7-25.Reflective triangle placement: two lane or undivided highway. Loading and Securing CargoFigure 7-28.Correct placement of payload. Weight Distribution Loading Equipment Securing CargoFigure 7-33.Symmetrical tie-down pattern. Securing Cargo, ContinuedDump TrucksCharacteristicsFigure 7-40.Tailgate rigged for spreading operations. Figure 7-43.Avoid backing accidents; use a backing guide. Chapter 8 ForkliftsFigure 8-3.Safety pin location. Figure 8-5.Axle disconnect lever. 6K Rough-Terrain(RT) ForkliftsLift-King ForkliftsAttachments - 14081_196Figure 8-12.Crane boom attached to the forklift. Capabilities and LimitsOperating Techniques - 14081_199Pallets and Boxes Figure 8-21.Direction of travel on a grade. Forklift SafetyFigure 8-24.Technique of maneuvering a wide load through a warehouse door. Figure 8-25.Safety platform. Caution - 14081_205Chapter 9 Front-End Loaders, Excavators, and DitchersAttachments - 14081_208Figure 9-4.Front-end loader attachments. Buckets Forklift Automatic Bucket Leveler Figure 9-11 .Control levers. Figure 9-15.Dozer blade tilt positions. Loader Operation Figure 9-22.Bucket positioned for filling from a bank. Figure 9-24.Loading large rocks. Improper Uses of the Multipurpose BucketFigure 9-32.-Clamping an object and using it as a battering Back Hoe OperationsFigure 9-38.-Backhoe boom arm pivot point. Loader Backhoe Figure 9-41 .Loader backhoe. Figure 9-44.-Swing lockpin. Figure 9-48.-Lower the stabilizers to raise and level the loaderFigure 9-51 .Digging With the backhoe. Figure 9-52.Backhoe bucket adjustment digging positions. Figure 9-54.-Truck carrier-mounted multipurpose excavator. Travel UnitSelf-Propelled Wheel Mounted Figure 9-58.Hydraulic excavator structural members. Digging ProceduresJob LayoutFigure 9-63.Foundation excavation. DitchersWheel DitcherLadder DitcherChain DitcherCutting Curves Safety Chapter 10 Graders and ScrapersPrime Mover Frame Figure 10-7.-Blade heel and toe. Figure 10-10.-Drawbar. Grader OperationsTurning Around Figure 10-19.-Turning around. Blade Pitch Scarifying Ditch Cut Flat-Bottom Ditch Cut High Bank Cuts Road Maintenance Grader Estimates Grader SafetyFigure 10-34.Paddle wheel scraper. Scraper ComponentsBowl Scraper OperationsLoadingHaulingLoose Sand and Gravel Production TechniquesOptimum LoadingHaul RoadsScraper SafetyScraper Safety, ContinuedChapter 11 Dozers and RollersTracks and Track FrameTrack FrameFigure 11-8.-Carrier rollers. Attachments - 14081_273Dozer BladesFigure 11-15. Push arm and trunnion. Figure 11-18.Angle blade. RippersOperating Techniques - 14081_278Figure 11-22. Clearing brush and small trees.Caution - 14081_280Bull DozingFigure 11-26.-Side-by-side dozing. 14081_283Figure 11-28.-Spreading. Finishing Side Slopes Push DozerRollersVibration Response Figure 11-40.-Sheepfoot drum. Pneumatic-Tired RollersSteel-Wheeled RollersRolling TechniquesBituminous RollersTransverse Joints Breakdown RollingFigure 11-52.Correct rolling pattern. Roller SafetyChapter 12 Cranes and AttachmentsFigure 12-4.-Crane radius measurement. Truck-Mounted Cranes Figure 12-7.Limit of approach for power lines. Wheel-Mounted Cranes Lattice Boom CraneBoom Angle Indicators Figure 12-15.Boom angle configurations. Boom Pendants Boom MastFigure 12-21.Lattice boom crane control levers. Lattice Boom Breakdown Figure 12-26.-Boom hoist assembly connected to boom butt. Lattice Boom Breakdown, ContinuedTelescopic Boom CranesCrane AttachmentsClam ShellDrag LineFigure 12-33.Dragline fairlead. Crane OperationsSignalman Figure 12-35.Crane Operators Daily Checklist. Wire Rope Inspection Hook Block Inspection - 14081_322Figure 12-39.-Sheave (pulley) inspection. Wire Rope End Connections - 14081_324Figure 12-41.Wedge socket clip method. Crane Lift ChecklistFigure 12-43.-Crane Lift Checklist. Figure 12-44.-Proper and improper cribbing. Load Capacity Load Rating Chart Figure 12-47.-Typical crane capacity chart. Clamshell OperationsDragline Employment Pile-Driving OperationsFigure 12-49.Typical pile-driving operation. Figure 12-52.-Lead adapters connected to the boom tip. Underhung Leads Figure 12-55.-Sliding boom tip connector. Spud Leads Diesel Hammer Operation Figure 12-61.-Operating principles of the McKiernan-Terry diesel pile hammer. Figure 12-62.Trip mechanism. Figure 12-63.-Lubrication system. Figure 12-65.-Maximum ram-piston overstroke. Pile-Driving CapsPile-Driving Techniques and TerminologyObstruction and Refusal Straightening and Aligning PilesTypes of PilesFigure 12-74.Types of bearing piles. Figure 12-75.Typical uses of piles driven in a waterfront structure. Figure 12-77.Cast-in-place concrete pilesFigure 12-79.Types of steel sheetpiling14081_355Chapter 13 RiggingLays of Wire RopeCharacteristics of Wire RopeWire Rope Safe Working LoadKinks Drum WindingFigure 13-16.-Transferring wire rope from reel to drumMaintenance of Wire RopeWire Rope AttachmentsSpeltered SocketHooks and ShacklesFiber LineHandling and Care of Fiber LineChainSlingsSling AngleFigure 13-34.Using spreader barsSpreaders BarsFigure 13-38.-Determination of double-basket hitch sling capacity. Sling InspectionProof Testing SlingsMechanical AdvantageFigure 13-43.A. Simple tackle; B. Compound tackle.Block to Line RatioWinchesRigging Safe Operating ProceduresFigure 13-49.Load shifting when Lifted. Chapter 14 Miscellaneous EquipmentOperationMobile Concrete Mixer Plant - 14081_385Figure 14-3.Mobile concrete mixer plant. Figure 14-4.-Auger truck. AugersFigure 14-9.Auger boring head nomenclature. Compressor CapacitySafetyPneumatic ToolsFigure 14-13.Pavement breaker. Hand-Held Rotary Rock Drill/JackhammerLubrication Figure 14-17.Pneumatic chain saw. Crawler-Mounted Rock DrillPower UnitControl ConsoleFigure 14-23.Rock drill travel position. Figure 14-24.-Tramming control panel. Positioning for Drilling Figure 14-26.-Components of the drill guide.Miscellaneous Construction and Maintenance EquipmentFigure 14-27.Floodlight unit. Figure 14-28.Generator. Grounding Generator Watch Figure 14-31.Components of a generator. PumpsCentrifugal PumpSweepersStreet SweeperSnow Removal EquipmentPlowsFigure 14-41.Snowblower.Sand SpreaderChapter 15 Earthwork OperationsFigure 15-1.NCF project package outlineContinued. Project DrawingsFigure 15-3.Project planning milestones. Figure 15-5.Example of a site plan with existing utilities. Figure 15-6.Plan and profile sheet. Symbols Sketches Figure 15-13.Overlay sketch, emphasizing temporary road and culvert. Earthwork Computations - 14081_428Table 15-1.Volume Changes Slope Ratio Cross Sections Figure 15-19.Area of a triangle. Construction (Grade) StakesStarting PointLine StakesShoulder StakesOffset StakesSlope Stakesleveling EquipmentFigure 15-38.Using a Jacobs staff with a hand level. Dumpy LevelTripodLevel RodTarget ReadingLevelingDetermining Elevations Figure 15-49.Backsight reading to determine instrument height. Checking Grade with a Level Instrument Figure 15-52.Computing cut-or-fill requirement from a missing grade stake. Figure 15-54.Turning point and level notes. Figure 15-56.Doing up a steel tape. SoilsSoil SizesSoil Gradation Soil StabilizationEquipmentPioneeringDrainageFigure 15-66.Longitudinal drainage of runways. Grading and ExcavatingChapter 16 Paving Operations and EquipmentAsphalt Pavement StructureTable 16-1.Recommended Uses of Various Asphalt Grades Function of Base Course and Subgrade Stage ConstructionPreparing Asphalt for Construction OperationsTack Coat - 14081_467Tack Coat, ContinuedPlant Mix ConstructionTable 16-2.-Weight and Volume Relations for Various Types of Compacted Asphalt Pavement Compacting Plant-Mix Materials Road-Mix PavementsRoad-Mix Pavements, ContinuedRoad-Mixing MethodsFigure 16-8.-Blade-mix construction. Defects in Flexible PavementsCrackingDistortionFigure 16-17.-Corrugations. DisintegrationRepairing Defective Flexible PavementsBituminous Materials Replacement Sprayed Asphalt Surface Treatment Aggregate Surface Treatment Paving EquipmentFigure 16-29.Vane spreader. Figre 16-31.-Self-propelled aggregate spreader. Heating SystemFigure 16-34.-Proper angling of nozzles. Spraying Suggested Spraying TemperaturesAsphalt KettleAsphalt Haul TrucksTruck HitchesFigure 16-38.-Two common types of asphalt finishers. Tractor Unit (Power Unit) Screed Unit Figure 16-43.-Vibratory type of screed. Figure 16-44.-Mat thickness and crown controls. Figure 16-45.Automatic screed reference system. Figure 16-46.-Screed extension accessories. Tons Per Hour Paving SafetyPaving Safety, ContinuedAppendix I Glossary - 14081_505Appendix I, Continued - 14081_506Appendix I, Continued - 14081_507Appendix I, Continued - 14081_508Appendix I, Continued - 14081_509Appendix I, Continued - 14081_510Appendix I, Continued - 14081_511Appendix I, Continued - 14081_512Appendix II International Signals and Road SignsAppendix II, Continued - 14081_514Appendix II, Continued - 14081_515Appendix II, Continued - 14081_516Appendix II, Continued - 14081_517Appendix III The Metric SystemAppendix III, Continued - 14081_520Appendix III, Continued - 14081_521Appendix III, Continued - 14081_522Appendix IV Hand SignalsAppendix IV, Continued - 14081_524Appendix IV, Continued - 14081_525Appendix IV, Continued - 14081_526Appendix V References Used to Develop This TramanAppendix V, Continued - 14081_528Appendix V, Continued - 14081_529Appendix V, Continued - 14081_530Appendix V, Continued - 14081_531Appendix V, Continued - 14081_532Appendix V, Continued - 14081_533Index - 14081_535Index, Continued - 14081_536Index, Continued - 14081_537Index, Continued - 14081_538Index, Continued - 14081_539Index, Continued - 14081_540Index, Continued - 14081_541Index, Continued - 14081_542Index, Continued - 14081_543Index, Continued - 14081_544Index, Continued - 14081_545Index, Continued - 14081_546Index, Continued - 14081_547Index, Continued - 14081_548Index, Continued - 14081_549Assignment Questions - 14081_551Assignment 1 - 14081_553Assignment 1, Continued - 14081_554Assignment 1, Continued - 14081_555Assignment 1, Continued - 14081_556Assignment 1, Continued - 14081_557Assignment 1, Continued - 14081_558Assignment 1, Continued - 14081_559Assignment 1, Continued - 14081_560Assignment 2 - 14081_561Assignment 2, Continued - 14081_562Assignment 2, Continued - 14081_563Assignment 2, Continued - 14081_564Assignment 2, Continued - 14081_565Assignment 2, Continued - 14081_566Assignment 2, Continued - 14081_567Assignment 2, Continued - 14081_568Assignment 3 - 14081_569Assignment 3, Continued - 14081_570Assignment 3, Continued - 14081_571Assignment 3, Continued - 14081_572Assignment 3, Continued - 14081_573Assignment 3, Continued - 14081_574Assignment 3, Continued - 14081_575Assignment 4 - 14081_576Assignment 4, Continued - 14081_577Assignment 4, Continued - 14081_578Assignment 4, Continued - 14081_579Assignment 4, Continued - 14081_580Assignment 4, Continued - 14081_581Assignment 4, Continued - 14081_582Assignment 4, Continued - 14081_583Assignment 5 - 14081_584Assignment 5, Continued - 14081_585Assignment 5, Continued - 14081_586Assignment 5, Continued - 14081_587Assignment 5, Continued - 14081_588Assignment 5, Continued - 14081_589Assignment 5, Continued - 14081_590Assignment 5, Continued - 14081_591Assignment 6 - 14081_592Assignment 6, Continued - 14081_593Assignment 6, Continued - 14081_594Assignment 6, Continued - 14081_595Assignment 6, Continued - 14081_596Assignment 6, Continued - 14081_597Assignment 6, Continued - 14081_598Assignment 6, Continued - 14081_599Assignment 7 - 14081_600Assignment 7, Continued - 14081_601Assignment 7, Continued - 14081_602Assignment 7, Continued - 14081_603Assignment 7, Continued - 14081_604Assignment 7, Continued - 14081_605Assignment 7, Continued - 14081_606Assignment 7, Continued - 14081_607Assignment 8 - 14081_608Assignment 8, Continued - 14081_609Assignment 8, Continued - 14081_610Assignment 8, Continued - 14081_611Assignment 8, Continued - 14081_612Assignment 8, Continued - 14081_613Assignment 8, Continued - 14081_61414081_615Assignment 9, Continued - 14081_616Assignment 9, Continued - 14081_617Assignment 9, Continued - 14081_618Assignment 9, Continued - 14081_619Assignment 9, Continued - 14081_620Assignment 9, Continued - 14081_621Assignment 9, Continued - 14081_622Assignment 10 - 14081_623Assignment 10, Continued - 14081_624Assignment 10, Continued - 14081_625Assignment 10, Continued - 14081_626Assignment 10, Continued - 14081_627Assignment 10, Continued - 14081_628Assignment 10, Continued - 14081_629Assignment 10, Continued - 14081_630Assignment 10, Continued - 14081_631Assignment 11 - 14081_632Assignment 11, Continued - 14081_633Assignment 11, Continued - 14081_634Assignment 11, Continued - 14081_635Assignment 11, Continued - 14081_636Assignment 11, Continued - 14081_637Assignment 11, Continued - 14081_638Assignment 11, Continued - 14081_639Assignment 12Assignment 12, Continued - 14081_641Assignment 12, Continued - 14081_642Assignment 12, Continued - 14081_643Assignment 12, Continued - 14081_644Assignment 12, Continued - 14081_645Assignment 12, Continued - 14081_646Assignment 12, Continued - 14081_647Assignment 12, Continued - 14081_648