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Chraging System
Lamps  and  Bulbs

Equipment Operator Basic - Beginning construction equipment operators manual
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during peak operation, the battery helps the generator supply current; and (3) during normal operation, the generator supplies all current and recharges the battery. In both electrical systems, the battery starts the electrical circuit that supplies the spark to start the engine. The  engine  then  drives  the  generator  or alternator  that  produces  current  to  take  over  the operation of the ignition, lights, and accessory loads. The battery also supports the generator or alternator during peak operation when the electrical loads are excessive. But once the engine is started the generator or  alternator  is  the  “work  horse,”  providing  current  to the  ignition  and  accessory  circuits.  The  generator supplies current as long as the engine is at speed and running. When the engine slows down or stops, the battery takes over part or all of the load. STARTING CIRCUITS High voltage is often necessary to ensure sufficient starting power due to the high compression ratios of some diesel engines. Three systems are used to increase either the voltage or amperage to accomplish this task These  are  parallel,  series,  and  series-parallel  systems. Parallel System An example of a parallel system, as shown in figure 4-3,  view  A,  is  two  12-volt,  200-amp  batteries  are connected from the starter to the positive terminal of one battery  to  the  positive  terminal  of  the  second  battery. The negative side of the batteries are connected from the ground to the negative terminal from one battery to the negative  terminal  of  second  battery.  This  system provides  12  volts  and  400  amps,  providing  more amperage for starting. Series System An example of a series system, as shown in figure 4-3,  view  B,  is  two  12  volt,  200-amp  batteries  are connected  from  the  positive  terminal  of  one  battery  to the  negative  terminal  of  the  second  battery.  The remaining positive terminal is connected to the starter and the remaining negative temninal is connected to the ground. This system provides 24 volt and 200 amps, providing more volts for starting. Series-Parallel System A   series-parallel   system   provides   a   series connection  of  the  batteries  for  starting  and  a  parallel Figure  4-3.—Starting  circuits. connection  for  normal  operation.  An  example  of  a series-parallel  system  is  when  two  sets  of  parallel batteries, as shown in figure 4-3, view C, are connected in series and the negative terminal from one set of the batteries is connected to the positive terminal of the other set. This system provides 24 volts and 800 amps. This combination is used for cranking large construction equipment. CAUTION Use extreme care when jump starting is required. Hooking up jumper cables from a 24-volt system to a heavy-duty 12-volt system can  cause  severe  battery  damage,  starter destruction, or even an explosion. If you are unsure of the starting circuit, get help from the mechanic field crew for assistance. LIGHTING SYSTEM The  lighting  system  on  automotive,  construction, and  weight-handling  equipment  includes  the  lamps  and bulbs,  clearance  lights,  side  marker  lights,  reflectors, taillights and brake lights, auxiliary lights, and fuses. Standards for lights on vehicles are outlined in the Federal  Motor  Carrier  Safety  Regulations  Pocketbook. The  manufacturer  provides  equipment  with  an electrical system that supports the lighting circuits. Part of your prestart responsibility is to ensure the lights on your equipment work and are clean of dust and dirt. A 4-3







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