CHAPTER 10GRADERS AND SCRAPERSIn the Naval Construction Force (NCF), graders andscrapers are essential tools used in the construction ofairfields, ammo supply points (ASPs), roads, and sitework. The primary purpose of the grader is to cut andmove material with the blade for final shaping andfinishing. The scraper is a large earthmover with thecapability of digging, loading, hauling, dumping, andspreading material.This chapter covers thecharacteristics and basic principles of graders andscrapers operations.GRADERSGraders are multipurpose machines used primarilyfor general construction and maintenance of roads andrunways, moving large amounts of materials laterally byside casting. Additionally, the grader can be used forcrowning and leveling roads, mixing and spreadingmaterials, ditching and bank sloping, blade mixingasphalt materials, snow removal, and scarifying.The grader is a rubber-tired hydraulically operated,for all grader functions. The steering system,moldboard, and scarifier are hydraulically controlled.Although the grader, at times, must be hauled to andfrom jobsites, the grader has an advantage over otherheavy equipment because of its capability to travel overthe road under its own power.NOTE: When hauling a grader with a tractor-trailer, ensure the height of the grader cab clears alloverhead obstacles.A variety of makes and models of graders are usedin the NCF. Each operator is responsible for reading theoperator’s manual to obtain detailed information abouteach make and model.GRADER COMPONENTSThe basic grader consists of a prime mover and agrader mechanism. The principal parts of a grader are—single-engine unit. The single engine provides powershown in figure 10-1.Figure 10-1.—Principal parts of a motor grader.10-1
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