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Caution - 14081_205
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Equipment Operator Basic - Beginning construction equipment operators manual
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CHAPTER 9 FRONT-END LOADERS, EXCAVATORS, AND DITCHERS Front-end loaders, excavators, and ditchers are used to  support  construction  operations  anytime  there  is  a need to lift, load, unload, clear, grub, excavate, or trench. A  variety  of  makes  and  models  of  this  equipment  are used in the Navy and the Naval Construction Force (NCF). Each operator is responsible for reading the operator’s manual to obtain detailed information about each  make  and  model.  his  chapter  covers  the  general characteristics and basic principles of operations of front-end  loaders,  excavators,  and  ditchers. FRONT-END LOADERS The  front-end  loader  is  a  self-contained  unit mounted on rubber tires or tracks and is one of the most versatile  and  capable  pieces  of  equipment  used  in  the NCF. The front-end loader can be equipped to operate as a loader, a dozer, a scraper, a clamshell, a forklift, a backhoe, a crane, an auger, or a sweeper. RUBBER-TIRED FRONT-END LOADER Mounted on large rubber tires, the front-end loader has   a   relatively   low   ground   bearing   pressure (approximately 45 pounds) that enables it to perform a large variety of jobs. The rubber-tired front-end loader (fig. 9-1) has three manually selected forward gear ranges that permits good mobility when traveling from one  jobsite  to  another.  The  full  power  soft  shift transmission allows the gear range and direction of travel changed at anytime without stopping the machine from maintaining a high rate of production. The large rubber tires provide good traction on unstable surfaces and allow the front-end loader to perform on side slopes of 15 percent and on front slopes up to 30 percent. The hydraulic system gives the operator positive control of the front-end loader attachments and steering system. CRAWLER-MOUNTED   FRONT-END LOADER Mounted  on  crawler  tracks,  the  crawler-mounted front-end loader has a low ground bearing pressure that Figure 9-1.—Rubber-tired  front-end  loader. 9-1







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