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Types of Piles
Figure 12-75.Typical uses of piles driven in a waterfront structure.

Equipment Operator Basic - Beginning construction equipment operators manual
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Figure  12-74.—Types  of  bearing  piles. fairly soft soil that provides frictional resistance and then  into  a  form  layer  which  develops  a  load-carrying capacity by both end bearing and friction over a rather short length of embedment (fig. 12-74). 7. Batter piles. Piles driven at an angle with the vertical are called batter piles. They resist lateral or incline loads when such loads are huge or when the foundation  material  immediately  beneath  the  structure fails to resist the lateral movement of vertical piles. They  also  may  be  used  if  piles  are  driven  into  a compressible  soil  to  spread  vertical  loads  over  a  large area thereby reducing final settlement. They may be used alone (battered in opposite directions) or with vertical  piles. 8. Anchor piles.    An anchor pile may be used to anchor bulkheads, retaining walls, and guy wires. They resist tension or uplift loads (fig. 12-75). 9.  Dolphin  piles. As  shown  in  figure  12-75, dolphin piles are a group of piles driven close together in  water  and  tied  together  so  that  the  group  will withstand lateral forces, such as boats and other floating objects. 10.  Fender  piles.  As  shown  in  figure  12-75,  fender piles are driven in front of a structure to protect it from damage. 11. Foot of pile. As shown in figure 12-75, the foot of a pile is the lower end of a driven pile, which is the smaller end. 12. Guide piles. Piles used as a guide for driving other  piles  or  serving  as  a  support  as  a  wale  for sheetpiling. 13. Pile bent. Two or more piles driven in a row transverse to the long dimension of the structure and are fastened  together  by  capping  and  (sometimes)  bracing. 14. Pile foundation. A group of piles used to support a column or pier, a row of piles under a wall, or a number of piles distributed over a large area to support a mat foundation. 15. Pile group. A number of bearing piles driven close together to form a pile foundation. 16. Test piles. A pile driven to determine driving conditions and probable required lengths; one on which a  loading  test  may  also  be  made  to  find  its  load settlement properties and the carrying capacity of the soil and as a guide in designing pile foundations. 17.   Timber   piles. Common   timber   piles   are usually  straight  tree  trunks  cut  off  aboveground swell, trimmed of branches, and the bark removed. A   good   timber   pile   has   the   following   charac- teristics: • It is free of sharp bends, large or loose knots, splits or decay. • It has a straight line between centers of the butt and tip and lies within the body of the pile. • It has a uniform taper from butt to tip. 12-52







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