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Prime Mover
Figure 10-7.-Blade heel and toe.

Equipment Operator Basic - Beginning construction equipment operators manual
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Figure 10-4.-Grader frame. Figure  10-5 .—Front axle. engine with articulating controlled by a pair of hydraulic cylinders. The articulated frame steering allows for an increase  in  productivity  and  stability.  The  articulated frame has a shorter turning radius than the conventional grader  (fig.  10-3).  This  allows  for  easier  maneuvering in close quarters and quick turnaround at the end of a pass and enables the grader to carry a full blade of material  around  a  curve.    Crab  steering  helps compensate for side drift when turning a windrow, keeps tandems  on  a  firm  footing  when  clearing  ditches,  and increases stability on side slope work. NOTE: Before articulating the grader, be aware of the position of the grader blade. With the blade angled in an acute position, articulating the grader sharply can position the rear tires to run into the blade. Frame The frame connected to the front axle extends the full length of the grader (fig. 10-4) and is high enough to allow space for carrying and manipulating the grading mechanism. The  front  axle  is  compound.  The  lower  section carries the weight of the grader, oscillates on a center pin, and is hinged to the bottom of the wheel spindle. The upper section of the axle is hinged to the top of the spindle, allowing the front wheels to lean as well as turn (fig. 10-5). Moldboard The moldboard with the cutting edge and end bits attached is called the  blade. The blade is the working 10-3







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