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Earthwork Computations - 14081_428
Slope Ratio

Equipment Operator Basic - Beginning construction equipment operators manual
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surface of an existing road that is to be replaced is also known as the  existing grade.  The subgrade of a road is a prepared base for the placement of base-course materials.   The   base  course   is  a  select  layer  of well-compacted soil that is placed in compacted lifts on  top  of  the  subgrade.  This  compaction  can  be accomplished  by  mechanical  stabilization  or  chemical stabilization. The  surface course and the shoulders complete  the  road.  The  surface  course  is  usually concrete or asphalt and is part of the road that vehicles travel  on.  The  shoulder  of  the  road  performs  as  a retainer  on  each  side  of  the  surface  course  and provides  an  emergency  parking  area. The crown of the road is an established slope from the  center  line  of  a  roadbed  to  the  outside  of  the shoulders and allows for excess water to drain from the surface into either a  V type or flat bottom type of ditch. The area that covers the entire width of the road Table 15-1.—Volume Changes 15-11







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