B. MATHEMATICAL SYMBOLSSymbol+x( )[ ]{ }%. .. .=+<~>~Name or
MeaningAddition or positive valueSubtraction or negative valuePositive or negative valueMultiplication dot (Centered; not tobe mistaken for decimal point.)Multiplication symbolParentheses
BracketsGroupingBracesSymbolsVinculum
(overscore)PercentDivision symbolRatio symbolProportion
symbolEquality symbolNot equal symbolLess thanLess than or equal
toGreater thanGreater than or equal toSymbolName
or Meaningv-Square root symbol~Square
root symbol with vinculum.Vinculum is made long enough tocover all factors of the number whosesquare root is to be taken.
nPi. The ratio of the
circumference ofany circle to
its diameter. Approx-imate
numerical value is 22/7 or 3.14C. GEOMETRIC FORMULAS(Area, Perimeter, Volume, Surface Area)In the geometric formulas listed in thisappendix, the following letter designations areused except as noted otherwise:a, b, c, d, and e denote lengths of sidesh denotes perpendicular heights denotes slant heightA denotes area (plane figures):C denotes circumferenceD denotes diameterL denotes lateral area (lateral area)P denotes perimeterR denotes radiusS denotes surface area (solid figures)V denotes volumeAII-3
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