Chapter 8—ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTIONprevention of accidental oil spills. Tanks,pipelines, and valves should be periodically in-spected for corrosion. The proper operation andsealing of valves and pumping units are a must.A daily record of tank levels, and observanceof standard operating procedures for many shorefacilities and all ships, are effective ways fordetecting slow leaks before a major equipmentfailure occurs. Hydrostatic testing of hoses,pipelines and storage tanks should be performedperiodically to verify their use for oil service.Operating personnel should be encouraged toreport unsafe conditions in equipment or pro-cedures. Another good practice is to report anddocument causes of oil spill “near misses” so thatpreventive action can be initiated. All inspectionsand records should be in accordance withestablished written procedures and should remainon file for the use of new personnel and for theidentification of deteriorating trends inequipment.The Navy is expending time, money, and ef-fort to reduce environmental pollution. Therefore,close supervision must be exercised over all opera-tions involving fuel handling, waste disposal, anduse and disposal of toxic materials. Personnelmust be aware of pollution problems and thenecessity to reduce pollution occurrences. Withinone’s area of responsibility, regular inspection andmonitoring procedures must be conducted to en-sure compliance with all applicable regulationsand operating procedures for pollution controldevices.You will find more detailed information onoil spills in NAVFAC P-908. This publication willprovide you with information about policy, rules,regulations, and procedures for the prevention ofoil spills. It will also provide you with informa-tion on what type of equipment is used toremove/contain oil spills, what are the proceduresfor cleaning the equipment, and what proceduresto follow when reporting the cost of an oil spill.COLLECTION, HOLDING, ANDTRANSFER SYSTEMThe environmental effects that result fromsewage discharges into rivers, harbors, and coastalwaters by naval ships are of great concern to theNavy. The Navy is required to control sewagedischarges under regulations promulgated by the8-13Secretary of Defense. Navy policies and respon-sibilities are defined in OPNAVINST 6240.3.The Navy plans to equip each naval ship witha marine sanitation device (MSD) which willenable a ship to comply with the sewage dischargestandards without compromising the ship missioncapability.Sewage discharge regulations do not precludeoverboard discharge when an emergency situationexists and when failure to discharge would en-danger the health and safety of personnel.In the past, shipboard sewage has beendischarged overboard as a matter of routine.Studies have shown that concentration of sewagein inland waters, ports, harbors, and coastalwaters of the United States had detrimental ef-fects on the environment.In 1972, anticipating the present regulations,the CNO made the policy decision to install theSewage Collection, Holding, and Transfer (CHT)system aboard naval ships which could employthis method of sewage pollution control withoutserious reduction in military capabilities. TheCHT system represented the least cost and risksolution to the problem.The design goal of the CHT system is to pro-vide the capacity to hold shipboard sewagegenerated over a 12-hour period. This goal canusually be achieved in large ships. Smaller ships,where the maximum capacity limits holding timesto 3 hours or less, which is insufficient time totransit a 3-mile restricted zone, cannot achievesuch a goal.ELEMENTS OF THE CHT SYSTEMMost operational fleet ships of sufficient sizewill be equipped with CHT systems. This systemis designed to accept soil drains from water closetsand urinals and waste drains from showers, laun-dries, and galleys. As the name of the system im-plies, sewage collection, holding, and transfer arethree functional elements which constitute theCHT system.Collection ElementThe collection element consists of soil andwaste drains with diverter valves. Depending onthe position of the diverter valves, the soil or waste
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