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Pistons, Continued
Piston Rings, Continued

Engineman 1 & C - Advanced engine mechanics training manual
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ENGINEMAN  1  &  C Excessive  Wear A.   Symptoms: 1.  Low  compression 2.   Hard   starting 3.  Loss  of  power 4.    Smoky    exhaust 5.   Waste   of   fuel 6.   Excess   oil consumption 7.    Poor  engine operation (Other   factors which   may   cause low   compression pressure: a.   Leaking   cylinder valves b.   Faulty   injector gasket c.  Faulty  head gasket d.   Leaking   after- chamber  valves e.   Clogged   intake ports f.   Intake   air   header leakage g.  Faulty  blower h.   Clogged   air filter) Other   factors   which may   cause   excessive B.   Causes: oil   consumption: a.   Loose   bearings b.  High  lube  oil temperatures c.  Oil  line  leakage d.   Improper   oil) 1.  Inadequate  lubrication 2.  Excessive  piston  heat 3.  Rings  damaged  during  installation 4.  Ring-  to-land  clearance  insufficient 5.  Dust  or  dirt  in  intake  air 6.   Dirt   in   lube   oil   or   fuel 7.   Rings   stuck   in   grooves 8.  Worn  cylinder  liners Sticking Breakage C.   Symptoms: 1.   Low   compres- sion 2.  Loss  of  power 3.  Smoky  exhaust 4.   Excessive   oil consumption 5.   Blow-by   forcing fumes   from crankcase D.   Causes 1.  Improper  ring- to-land   clear- ance 2.   Insufficient   ring pressure 3.   Excessive   oper- ating  tempera- ture 4.   Improper   oil 5.   Improper   in- stallation E.   Symptoms: 1.   Hard   starting 2.  Loss  of  power 3.   Excess   oil consumption 4.   Possible   emis- sion  of  smoke from   crank- case   breather F.   Causes: 1.  Cylinder  liner ridge 2.  Cylinder  port damage 3.  Insufficient  gap clearance 4.   Insufficient clearance  be- hind   ring Figure  3-18.—Piston  ring  troubles,  their  symptoms  and  causes. 121.2 with a thickness gage, and must be made com- pletely around the piston. PISTON RINGS Replace most damaged or excessively worn pistons. Since replacement of damaged pistons is usually  necessary,  shipboard  repair  parts  should always be maintained at full allowance. The troubles to which piston rings are subject and their symptoms and causes are listed in figure 3-18. All symptoms and causes shown for ring wear are   either   directly   and   indirectly   related   to 3-28







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