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Shock Absorbers
Valves

Equipment Operator Basic - Beginning construction equipment operators manual
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FRONT AXLE SUSPENSION Most  passenger  car  front  wheels  are  individually supported  with  independent  suspension  systems.  The ones you are likely to see are the coil spring and the torsion bar suspension systems used with independent front  axles  and  shock  absorbers. REAR AXLE SUSPENSION Driving wheels are mounted on a live-driving axle suspended by springs attached to the axle housing. Leaf springs generally suspend live axles using the Hotchkiss drive, as shown in figure 3-10. Coil springs are used on a number of passenger cars with independent suspension. TIRES Because tires are expensive, they require proper care and maintenance. While natural wear and tear affects tire life, premature tire failure can be caused by abuse and neglect. Proper maintenance of tires results in better performance and longer service and prevents a hazardous tire failure that can cause loss of life and equipment. TIRE INSPECTION Tires are cut by sharp objects, bruised by bad roads and stones, and injured by road shocks in general. To drive  with  a  seriously  damaged  tire  is  dangerous, because it may blow out and cause the driver to lose control of the vehicle. Carefully inspect your vehicle tires during prestart and  post  operations.  Remove  glass,  nails,  stones,  and other foreign materials embedded in tires. Tires give longer mileage and safer driving when damages are repaired  immediately. Inflation Correct air pressure is the basis for reliable tire performance. Tires are designed to operate at specified air  pressures  for  given  loads  and  inflated  to  the prescribed air pressure for your driving condition. When Figure  3-10.—Hotchkiss  drive. checking air pressure, use an accurate gauge and check the valve cores for leaks. NOTE: Reduce  the  tire  pressure  when  driving  in soft sand and over dunes. This increases the amount of tire surface in contact with the sand to provide better flotation  (support).  However,  never  reduce  the  tire pressure so much that the tire slips on the rim. On some equipment, the air pressure for normal conditions and off-road  conditions  is  listed  on  a  data  plate  on  the dashboard or in the operator’s manual. When operating with reduced tire pressure, drive at low speed. Inflate the tires to normal pressure as soon as the situation permits. PROPERLY  INFLATED.—  A  properly  inflated tire, as shown in figure 3-11, view A, shows proper contact with the road. Figure 3-11.—Proper and improper tire inflation. 3-7







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