. Keep the area clear of open flame or sparks to reduce fire hazard when you are spraying material with volatile  cutbacks. . Do not stand in a location in which the accidental opening of the spray bar valves will cause contact with the bitumen spray. This is important, because you could receive serious burns if you do not. l The fill line cap or connection must be securely attached before operating the intake valve lever to eliminate  momentary  discharge. . The “TUC” bar must be off and remain off when the bar is rotated upward. . When moisture is present in the tank, do not load the tank with material having a temperature over 200°F. To prevent foaming when filling a unit in which moisture may be present in the spray bar or the circulating system, you should allow a small portion of hot material to circulate in the spray bar before filling the tank. . When you are heating material, if at all possible, position the unit broadside to the wind. . The use of gasoline instead of regular kerosene or fuel oil on low-pressure burners will result in an extreme fire hazard. .  Do  not  operate  burners  unattended  (unless  a safety control is provided) or while the vehicle is in transit or in a confined area. l When heating, you must allow sufficient space in the tank for expansion of the material. .  To  prevent  a  possible  explosion,  you  must  cover flues with at least 6 inches of bitumen before heating the material, This layer of bitumen reduces the vapors produced,  thereby,  reducing  the  chance  of  an  explosion. l For personal safety, use a torch (not a match or lighter) to ignite the burner. . Ignite the inside burner first. Do not reach across a lighted burner to ignite the inside burner. .  When  burners  go  out,  allow  time  for  ventilation before  re-ignition. . Do not heat material beyond the manufacturer’s recommended   temperature. . When you are hand spraying, hold the sprayer in the proper position and be aware of other personnel in the  area. . Emulsified asphalts should never be left in the distributor  truck  for  any  great  length  of  time. Emulsified asphalts will separate and set in much less time than will cutbacks. .  Avoid  inhaling  the  vapors  or  mist  from  sprayed asphalt, or prolonged skin contact with asphalt products. Asphalt   materials   contain   compounds   known   or suspected to causes cancer. Hot asphalt is a bum hazard and  can  cause  serious  eye  damage. ASPHALT HAUL TRUCKS Various types of trucks are used to deliver hot mix to  the  paver.  The  most  common  type  is  the  5-ton end-dump  truck  but  other  trucks  have  been  used  and can be used to deliver mix. Truck Condition Trucks must have metal beds, and the beds must be clean, smooth, and free of holes. All trucks must meet minimum safety criteria.   Each truck must be clearly numbered  for  easy  identification  and  must  be  equipped with  a  tarpaulin. Before being loaded, the truck bed must be cleaned of  foreign  material  and  hardened  asphalt  and  then  lightly coated  with  a  release  agent  (lubricant)  that  assists  in preventing  fresh  hot-mix  asphalt  from  sticking  to  the surfaces of the bed. After the bed is coated, any excess release agent must be drained from the bed. Before loading,  the  truck  must  also  be  weighed  to  establish  its unloaded weight. This weight is later subtracted from the loaded weight of the truck to determine the weight of the hot mix that the truck is hauling. The number of trucks required on the project is determined by many factors: the mix production rate at the plant, the length of the haul, the type of traffic en- countered, and the expected time needed for unloading. Types of Trucks Each type of truck used for hot-mix delivery must have certain physical features that are required to haul properly and to discharge the mix properly into the paver. Below are listed a few guidelines for the two most common types of trucks. END-DUMP  TRUCKS.—  An  end-dump  truck must first be inspected to be certain the rear of the bed overhangs the rear wheels enough to discharge mix into the paver hopper. If it does not, an apron with side plates must be added to increase the overhang and prevent spillage of the mix in front of the paver. The bed must also be of a size that will fit into the hopper  without  pressing  down  on  the  paver.  The 16-33