GRADER SAFETYSafety precautions that apply to graders are asfollows:. Keep hands, feet, and clothing away frompower-driven parts.l Clothing worn by the operator should berelatively tight and belted. Do not wear loose jackets,shirts, sleeves, or other items of clothing because of thedanger of catching them in moving parts.l Before starting the engine, always check theservice brakes and the parking brake to ensure they arein proper working condition.. Do not use the steering wheel as a handhold whengetting on and off the grader.l Keep hands, floors, and controls free from water,grease, and mud to ensure nonslip control.. Never attempt to start or operate the graderexcept from the operator’s station.. Always keep the grader in gear when going downsteep hills or grades.. When transporting or driving on a road orhighway at night or during the day, use accessory lightsand devices for adequate warning to the operators ofother vehicles. In this regard, check local governmentregulations.. Never drive too close to the edge of a ditch orexcavation.. Do not leave the engine running while makingadjustments or repairs unless specificallyrecommended.. Never refuel when the engine is running. Do notsmoke while filling the fuel tank or servicing the fuelsystem.. Never leave the grader unattended with theengine running.l Do not oil, grease, or adjust any part of the graderwhile it is in motion.. Check for faulty wiring or loose connections.s Keep a firm grip on the steering wheel at all timeswhen speed is increased.. Do not allow anyone near the grader while thedriver is in the seat with the engine running.. Reduce speed before turning or applying brakes.Drive at speeds slow enough to ensure your safety,especially over rough ground.l Do not operate the grader so fast on hillsides orcurves that you may tip over.c When you are operating your grader, be sure yourpath ahead is clear to avoid collision with otherequipment.. Watch for overhead wires. Never touch wireswith any part of the grader.. Do not use the grader as a battering ram.. Keep the working area as level as possible.l Never allow anyone to work under a raised bladeor other attachment.. Do not leave the blade or other attachment in theraised position when it is not in use. Always lower it tothe ground.l Be sure bystanders are clear of the grader beforelowering or moving the blade.. Park the grader on level ground or across theslope.. Remove all trash accumulation from the engineand the operator’s station daily.. Wear any required personal protective equipment.SCRAPERSScrapers are designed for self-loading, hauling, andspreading material on long-haul earthmovingoperations. Scrapers are most efficient when operatedin light and medium materials that are nearly free ofroots, stumps, and boulders. Heavy or consolidatedmaterials require ripper-equipped dozers to rip open thesurface and assist loading operations by pushing thescraper through the cut to achieve maximum loading.The dozer pushing the scraper is referred to as a pushcat.Scrapers are built with open tops to make themsuitable for loading by crane clam shell, conveyor, orfront-end loader. The types of scrapers used in the NCFare equipped with either a single engine or twin engine(fig. 10-33). On twin-engine scrapers, the one engine inthe front is used to pull, and the one in the rear is usedto push.Another type of scraper used in the NCF is thepaddle wheel scraper (fig. 10-34), also called the10-16
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