APPENDIX IGLOSSARYA part of this glossary has been extracted fromthe American Standard Glossary of Terms forFluid Power (ASA B93.2-1965) with permissionof the publisher, The National Fluid PowerAssociation.ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE—The tempera-ture measured using absolute zero as a reference.Absolute zero is –273.16°C or –459.69°F.ACCELERATION—Time rate of change ofvelocity.ACCUMULATOR—A device for storingliquid under pressure. It usually consists of achamber separated into a gas compartment anda liquid compartment by a piston or diaphragm.An accumulator also serves to smooth outpressure surges in a hydraulic system.ACTUATOR—A device that converts fluidpower into mechanical force and motion.ADDITIVE—A chemical compound orcompounds added to a fluid to change itsproperties.AIR, COMPRESSED—Air at any pressuregreater than atmospheric pressure.AMBIENT—Surrounding, such as ambientair, meaning surrounding air.BAROMETER—An instrument that mea-sures atmospheric pressure.BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE—If a fluidflowing through a tube reaches a constriction, ornarrowing of the tube, the velocity of the fluidflowing through the constriction increases and thepressure decreases.BLEEDER, AIR—A bleeder for the removalof air.BOYLE’S LAW—The absolute pressure of afixed mass of gas varies inversely as the volume,provided the temperature remains constant.CAVITATION—A localized gaseouscondition within a liquid stream that occurs wherethe pressure is reduced to the vapor pressure.CELSIUS—The temperature scale using thefreezing point of water as zero and the boilingpoint as 100, with 100 equal divisions between,called degrees. This scale was formerly known asthe centigrade scale.CENTIGRADE—(See Celsius.)CENTRIFUGAL FORCE—A force exertedon a rotating object in a direction outward fromthe center of rotation.CHARLES’S LAW—If the pressure isconstant, the volume of dry gas varies directlywith the absolute temperature.CHEMICAL CHANGE—A change thatalters the composition of the molecules of asubstance.CIRCUIT—An arrangement of intercon-nected component parts.COMPRESSIBILITY—The change in volumeof a unit volume of a fluid when it is subjectedto a unit change of pressure.COMPRESSOR—A device that convertsmechanical force and motion into pneumatic fluidpower.COMPUTER—A device capable of acceptinginformation, applying prescribed processes to theinformation, and supplying the results of theseprocesses.AI-1
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