HEAD, VELOCITY—The equivalent headthrough which the liquid would have to fall toattain a given velocity. Mathematically it is equalto the square of the velocity (in feet) divided by64.4 feet per second square.HEAT EXCHANGER—A device thattransfers heat through a conducting wall from onefluid to another.HYDRAULICS—Engineering science pertain-ing to liquid pressure and flow.HYDROMETER—An instrument for deter-mining the specific gravities of liquids.HYDROPNEUMATICS—Pertaining to thecombination of hydraulic and pneumatic fluidpower.HYDROSTATICS—Engineering sciencepertaining to the energy of liquids at rest.IMPACT PRESSURE—The pressure of amoving fluid brought to rest that is in excess ofthe pressure the fluid has when it does not flow;that is, total pressure less static pressure. Impactpressure is equal to dynamic pressure in incom-pressible flow; but in compressible flow, impactpressure includes the pressure change owing to thecompressibility effect.IMPINGEMENT—The striking or dashingupon with a clash or sharp collision, as airimpinging upon the rotor of a turbine or motor.IMPULSE TURBINE—A turbine driven bya fluid at high velocity under relatively lowpressure.INERTIA—The tendency of a body at rest toremain at rest, and a body in motion to continueto move at a constant speed along a straight line,unless the body is acted upon in either case by anunbalanced force.INHIBITOR—Any substance which slows orprevents chemical reactions such as corrosion oroxidation.INVERSE PROPORTION—The relation thatexists between two quantities when an increase inone of them produces a corresponding decreasein the other.KELVIN SCALE—The temperature scaleusing absolute zero as the zero point and divisionsthat are the same size as centigrade degrees.KINETIC ENERGY—The energy that asubstance has while it is in motion.KINETIC THEORY—A theory of matter thatassumes that the molecules of matter are inconstant motion.LINE—A tube, pipe, or hose that is used asa conductor of fluid.LIQUID—A form of matter that has adefinite volume but takes the shape of itscontainer.LOAD—The power that is being delivered byany power-producing device. The equipment thatuses the power from the power-producing device.LUBRICATOR—A device that addscontrolled or metered amounts of lubricant intoa fluid power system.MANIFOLD—A type of fluid conductor thatprovides multiple connections ports.MANOMETER—A differential pressuregauge in which pressure is indicated by the heightof a liquid column of known density. Pressure isequal to the difference in vertical height betweentwo connected columns multiplied by the densityof the manometer liquid. Some forms ofmanometers are U tube, inclined tube, well, andbell types.MATTER—Any substance that occupiesspace and has weight.MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE—The ratioof the resisting weight to the acting force. Theratio of the distance through which the force isexerted divided by the distance the weight israised.METER-IN—To regulate the amount of fluidinto a system or an actuator.METER-OUT—To regulate the flow of fluidfrom a system or actuator.MICRON—A millionth of a meter or about0.00004 inch.AI-5
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