Figure 13-20.—No spin differential—exploded view.governed by the speed of the wheel applyingtractive effort.The no-spin differential does not contain piniongears and side gears as does the conventionaldifferential. Instead, it consists basically of aspider attached to the differential drive ring gearthrough four trunnions. It also has two drivenclutch members with side teeth that are indexedby spring pressure with side teeth in the spider.Two side members are splined to the wheel axlesand, in turn, are splined into the driven clutchmembers.AXLESA live axle is one that supports part of theweight of a vehicle and drives the wheelsconnected to it. A dead axle is one that carries partof the weight of a vehicle but does not drive thewheels. The wheels rotate on the ends of the deadaxle.Usually, the front axle of a passenger car is adead axle and the rear axle is a live axle. In four-wheel drive vehicles, both front and rear axles arelive axles; in six-wheel drive vehicles, all threeaxles are live axles. The third axle, part of a bogiedrive, is joined to the rearmost axle by a trunnionaxle. The trunnion axle attaches rigidly to theframe. Its purpose is to help distribute the load onthe rear of the vehicle to the two live axles that itconnects.Four types of live axles are used in automotiveand construction equipment. They are: plain,semifloating, three-quarter floating, and fullfloating.The plain live, or nonfloating, rear axle, isseldom used in equipment today. The axle shaftsin this assembly are called nonfloating becausethey are supported directly in bearings located inthe center and ends of the axle housing. Inaddition to turning the wheels, these shafts carrythe entire load of the vehicle on their outer ends.Plain axles also support the weight of thedifferential case.The semifloating axle (fig. 13-21) used on mostpassenger cars and light trucks has its differentialcase independently supported. The differentialcarrier relieves the axle shafts from the weight ofthe differential assembly and the stresses causedby its operation. For this reason the inner ends ofthe axle shafts are said to be floating. The wheelsare keyed to outer ends of axle shafts and theouter bearings are between the shafts and thehousing. The axle shafts therefore must take thestresses caused by turning, skidding, or wobblingof the wheels. The axle shaft is a semifloating liveaxle that can be removed after the wheel has beenpulled off.Figure 13-21.—Semifloating rear axle.13-17
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