TAG LINE— A line from a crane boom to a clamshellbucket that holds the bucket from spinning out ofposition.TAMP— Pound or press soil to compact it.TERRACE— A ridge, a ridge and hollow, or a flat benchbuilt along a ground contour.TERRAIN— Ground surface.TOE— The projection of the bottom of a face beyond thetop.TOOTH ADAPTER— Main part of bucket or dipper towhich a removable tooth is fastened.TOPOGRAPHIC MAP— A map, indicating surfaceelevation and slope.TOPSOIL— The topmost layer of soil, usually refers tosoil containing humus that is capable of supportinggood plant growth.TORQUE— The twisting force exerted by or on a shaft(without reference to the speed of the shaft).TRACK— A crawler track.TRACK CARRIER ROLLERS— Rolling elementsin/on a track frame that support and guide the uppertrack shoes or chain.TRACK SHOES— The members of the track assemblythat distribute the load to the supporting surface.TRACTION— The total amount of driving push of avehicle on a given surface.TRENCH— A ditch.TRUNNION (Walking beam or bar)— (1) Anoscillating bar that allows changes in angle betweena unit fastened to its center and another attached toboth ends. (2) A heavy horizontal hinge.UNDERCARRIAGE— The undercarriage is anassembly that supports the upper structure of thecrane. It consists of an undercarriage frame, a swingbearing, or hook and load rollers, travel mechanism,and steering mechanism. The undercarriage may beeither a crawler or wheeled type.VISCOSITY— The resistance of a fluid to flow. A liquidwith a high viscosity rating will resist flow morereadily than will a liquid with a low viscosity. TheSociety of Automotive Engineers (S.A.E.) hasdeveloped a series of viscosity numbers forindicating viscosities of lubricating oils.VOIDS— Empty spaces in a compacted mix, surroundedby asphalt-coated particles.VOLTS— The electromotive force that will cause acurrent of 1 ampere to flow through a resistance of1 ohm.WATERLOGGED— Saturated with water. If conditionsare too wet, you will be unable to work constructionequipment.WATERSHED— Area that drains into or pasta point.WATER TABLE— The surface of underground,gravity-controlled water.WHEEL AND AXLE ARRANGEMENT— Thewheeled undercarriages.WINCH— A drum that can be rotated so as to exert astrong pull while winding in a line.WINDROW— A ridge of loose dirt.WING WALL— A wall that guides a stream into a bridgeopening or culvert barrel.WORKING CYCLE— A complete set of operations. Inan excavator, it usually includes loading, moving,dumping, and returning to the loading point.AI-8
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