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Appendix I, Continued - 14081_507
Appendix I, Continued - 14081_509

Equipment Operator Basic - Beginning construction equipment operators manual
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DEADHEADING— Traveling  without  a  load,  except when traveling from the dumping area to the loading point. DENSITY— The ratio of the weight of a substance to its volume. DIESELING— In a compressor, explosions of mixtures of  air  and  lubricating  oil  in  the  compression chambers and/or other parts of the air system. DOLLY— A unit consisting of a draw tongue, an axle with wheels, and a turntable platform to support a gooseneck  trailer. DOUBLE-CLUTCHING—  Disengaging and engaging the clutch twice during a single-gear shift (change of gears) to synchronize gear speeds. DOWNSTREAM  FACE—  The dry side of a dam. DOZER— Abbreviation  of  bulldozer. DRAFT— Resistance to movement of a towed load. DRAGLINE— A crane with a dragline attachment, used to excavate material from below the grade on which the crane is sitting. DRAWBAR— A fixed or hinged bar, extending to the rear of a tractor and used as a fastening for lines and towed machines or loads. DRAWBAR  HORSEPOWER—  A  tractor’s  flywheel horsepower minus friction and slippage losses in the drive mechanism and the tracks or tires. DRAWBAR PULL—  The pull that a tractor can exert on a  load  attached  to  the  drawbar.  Depends  on  power, weight,  and  traction. DRILL  COLLAR—  Thick-walled  drill  pipe,  used immediately above a rotary bit to provide extra weight. DRILL, PERCUSSION—  A drill that hammers and rotates a steel and bit. Sometimes limited to large blast  hole  drills  of  the  percussion  type. DRILL PIPE— The sections of a rotary drilling string, connecting the kelly with the bit or collars. DRIVE SPROCKET— A drive roller with teeth that engage  matching  recesses  or  pins  (bushings)  in  the track  assembly. DROP HAMMER—  A pile-driving hammer that is lifted by a cable and that obtains striking power by falling  freely. DRUM, SPUDDING— In a churn drill, the winch that controls the drilling line. EJECTOR— A clean-out device, usually a sliding plate. EMBANKMENT— A fill whose top is higher than the adjoining surface. EROSION— Wear caused by moving water or wind. FACE— (1) The more or less vertical surface of rock exposed by blasting or excavating or the cutting end of a drill hole. (2) An edge of rock used as a starting point in figuring drilling and blasting. (3) The width of a roll crusher. FACTOR OF SAFETY— The ratio of the ultimate strength of the material to the allowable or working stress. FAIRLEAD— A device which lines up cable so that it will wind smoothly onto a drum. FEATHER— To blend the edge of new material into the old surface smoothly. FIFTH   WHEEL—   The   weight-bearing   swivel connection  between  highway  type  of  tractors  and semitrailers. FILL—  An  earth  or  broken  rock  structure  or embankment. Soil or loose rock used to raise a grade. Soil that has no value except bulk. FLOAT— In reference to a dozer blade, to rest by its own weight  or  to  be  held  from  digging  by  upward pressure of a load of dirt against its moldboard. FOOT—  In  tamping  rollers,  one  of  a  number  of projections from a cylindrical drum. FOOT-POUND— Unit of work equal to the force in pounds multiplied by the distance in feet through which it acts. When a 1-pound force is exerted through a 1-foot distance, 1 foot-pound of work is done. FOUR BY FOUR (4 x 4)— A vehicle with four wheels or sets of wheels, all engine-driven. FREE FALL— Lowering of the hook (with or without a load)  without  it  being  coupled  to  the  power  train with  the  lowering  speed  being  controlled  by  a retarding device, such as a brake. FRONT-END  LOADER—  A tractor loader with a bucket that operates entirely at the front end of the tractor. FROST— Frozen soil. FROST LINE— The greatest depth to which ground may be expected to freeze. AI-4







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