GANTRY— (1) An overhead structure that supportsmachines or operating parts. (2) An upwardextension of the revolving frame of a crane thatholds the boom line sheaves.GEAR— A toothed wheel, cone, or bar.GOOSENECK— An arched connection, usuallybetween a tractor and a trailer.GRADE— (1) Usually the elevation of a real or plannedsurface. (2) Also means surface slope.GRADER— A machine with a centrally located bladethat can be angled to cast to either side with anindependent hoist control on each side.GRADE STAKE— A stake indicating the amount of cutor fill required to bring the ground to a specifiedlevel.GRAVEL— (1) Rock fragments from 2mm to 64 mm(.08 to 2.5 inches) in diameter. (2) A mixture of suchgravel with sand, cobbles, boulders, and not over 15percent fines.GRIEF STEM— See “KELLY.”GRIZZLY— (1) A coarse screen used to remove oversizepieces from earth or blasted rock. (Maybe spelled“grizzlie.”) (2) A gate or closure on a chute.GROUND PRESSURE— The weight of a machine,divided by the area in square inches of the grounddirectly supporting it.GROUSER— Projecting lug(s) attached to or integralwith the ma chine track shoes to provide additionaltract ion.GRUBBING— Digging out roots.HAND LEVEL— A sighting level that does not have atripod, base, or telescope.HARDPAN— (1) Hard, tight soil. (2) A hard layer thatmay form just below plow depth on cultivated land.HAUL DISTANCE— (1) Is the distance measured alongthe center line or most direct practical route betweenthe center of the mass of excavation and the centerof mass of the fill as finally placed. (2) It is thedistance the material is moved.HOLDING LINE— The cable reeved from a hoist drumfor holding a clamshell bucket or grapple suspendedduring dumping and lowering operations.HOOK, PINTLE— A towing bracket, having a fixedlower part and a hinged upper one, which, whenlocked together, makes a round opening.HOPPER— A storage bin or a funnel that is loaded fromthe top and discharges through a door or chute in thebottom.HORSEPOWER— (1) A measurement of power thatincludes the factors of force and speed. (2) The forcerequired to lift 33,000 pounds 1 foot in 1 minute.HORSEPOWER, DRAWBAR— Horsepower availableto move a tractor and its load after deducting lossesin the power train.HOLDING LINE— The hoist cable for a clamshellbucket.IDLER— Large end roller of a track assembly at theopposite end from the drive sprocket; the roller isnot power-driven.INJECTOR— In a diesel engine, the unit that sprays fuelinto the combustion chamber.JACK— (1) A mechanical or hydraulic lifting device. (2)A hydraulic ram or cylinder.JACKKNIFE— A tractor and trailer in such an angle thatthe tractor cannot move forward.JAW— (1) In a clutch, one of a pair of toothed rings, theteeth of which face each other. (2) In a crusher, oneof a pair of nearly flat faces separated by awedge-shaped opening.JIB BOOM— An extension piece, hinged to the upperend of a crane boom.KELLY— A square or fluted pipe which is turned by adrill rotary table, while it is free to move up anddown in the table. Also called a “GRIEF STEM.”LAGGINGS— Removable and interchangeable drumspool shells for changing the hoist drum diameter toprovide variation in rope speeds and line pulls.LAY— The direction of twist in wires and strands in wirerope.LAY, REGULAR— A wire rope construction in whichthe direction of twist of the wires in the strands isopposite to that of the strands in the rope.LEVEL— To make level or to cause to conform to aspecified grade.LIFT— A layer or course of paving material, applied toa base or a previous layer.LIP— The cutting edge of a bucket. Applied chiefly toedges including tooth sockets.LOAD BINDER— A lever that pulls two grab hookstogether and holds them by locking over the center.AI-5
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