Figure 11-8.-Bevel gear differential.slightly curved bars, plates, or leaves. They also includespecial flat springs (fig. 11-7, A [3]), made from a flatstrip or bar formed into whatever shape or design bestsuited for a specific position and purpose.Spiral SpringsSpiral springs are sometimes called clock, power(1 1-7, B), or coil springs. A well-known example is awatch or clock spring; after you wind (tighten) it, itgradually unwinds and releases power. Although othernames for these springs arc based on good authority, wecall them “spiral” in this text to avoid confusion.Helical SpringsHelical springs, also often called spiral (fig. 11-7,D), are probably the most common type of spring. Theymay be used in compression (fig. 11-7, D [1]), extensionor tension (fig. 11-7, D [2]), or torsion (fig. 11-7, D [3]).A spring used in compression tends to shorten in action,while a tension spring lengthens in action. Torsionsprings, which transmit a twist instead of a direct pull,operate by a coiling or an uncoiling action.In addition to straight helical springs, cone,double-cone, keg, and volute springs are classified ashelical. These types of springs are usually used incompression. A cone spring (11-7, D [4]), often called avalve spring because it is frequently used in valves, isformed by wire being wound on a tapered mandrelinstead of a straight one. A double cone spring (notillustrated) consists of two cones joined at the smallends, and a keg spring (not illustrated) consists of twocone springs joined at their large ends.Volute springs (fig. 11-7, D [5]) are conical springsmade from a flat bar that is wound so that each coilpartially overlaps the adjacent one. The width (andthickness) of the material gives it great strength orresistance.You can press a conical spring flat so that it requireslittle space, and it is not likely to buckle sidewise.11-6
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