Wire Rope Attachments

work right, its wires and strands must be free to move. Friction from corrosion or lack of lubrication shortens the service life of wire rope. Deterioration from corrosion is more dangerous than that from wear, because corrosion ruins the inside wires—a process hard to detect by inspection. Deterio- ration caused by wear can be detected by examining the outside wires of the wire rope, because these wires become flattened and reduced in diameter as the wire rope wears. NOTE: Replace wire rope that has wear of one third of the original diameter of the outside individual wires. Both internal and external lubrication protects a wire rope against wear and corrosion. Internal lubrication can be properly applied only when the wire rope is being manufactured, and manufacturers customarily coat every wire with a rust-inhibiting lubricant, as it is laid into the strand. The core is also lubricated in manufacturing. Lubrication that is applied in the field is designed not only to maintain surface lubrication but also to prevent the loss of the internal lubrication provided by the manufacturer. The Navy issues an asphaltic petroleum oil that must be heated before using. This lubricant is known as Lubricating Oil for Chain, Wire Rope, and Exposed Gear and comes in two types: l Type I, Regular: Does not prevent rust and is used where rust prevention is not needed; for example, elevator wires used inside are not exposed to the weather but need lubrication. l Type II, protective: A lubricant and an anti- corrosive— it comes in three grades: grade A, for cold weather (60°F and below); grade B, for warm weather (between 60°F and 80°F); and grade C, for hot weather (80°F and above). The oil, issued in 25-pound and 35-pound buckets and in 100-pound drums, can be applied with a stiff brush, or the wire rope can be drawn through a trough of hot lubricant, as shown in figure 13-20. The frequency of application depends upon service conditions; as soon as the last coating has appreciably deteriorated, it should be renewed. CAUTION Avoid prolonged skin contact with oils and lubricants. Consult the Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) on each item before use for precautions and hazards. See your supervisor for copies of MSDSs. Figure 13-20.—Trough method of lubricating wire rope. A good lubricant to use when working in the field, as recommended by COMSECOND/COMTHIRD- NCBINST 11200.11, is a mixture of new motor oil and diesel fuel at a ratio of 70-percent oil and 30-percent diesel fuel. The NAVFAC P-404 contains added information on additional lubricants that can be used. Never lubricate wire rope that works a dragline or other attachments that normally bring the wire rope in contact with soils. The reason is that the lubricant will pick up fine particles of material, and the resulting abrasive action will be detrimental to both the wire rope and sheave. As a safety precaution, always wipe off any excess oil when lubricating wire rope especially with hoisting equipment. Too much lubricant can get into brakes or clutches and cause them to fail. While in use, the motion of machinery may sling excess oil around over crane cabs and onto catwalks making them unsafe. NOTE: Properly dispose of wiping rags and used or excess lubricant as hazardous waste. See your supervisor for details on local disposal requirements. WIRE ROPE ATTACHMENTS Many attachments can be fitted to the ends of wire rope, so the rope can be connected to other wire ropes, pad eyes, or equipment. Wedge Socket The attachment used most often to attach dead ends of wire ropes to pad eyes or like fittings on cranes and 13-10