Figure 9-3.—Side view of a carriage mounted on a bed.machined. However, the tailstock can also be used tohold tapered shank drills, reamers, and drill chucks. Itcan be moved on the ways along the length of the bedand can be clamped in the desired position by tighteningthe tailstock clamping nut. This movement allows forthe turning of different lengths of work. The tailstockcan be adjusted laterally (front to back) to cut a taper byloosening the clamping screws at the bottom of thetailstock. (see fig. 9-1.)Before you insert a dead center, drill, or reamer,carefully clean the tapered shank and wipe out thetapered hole of the tailstock spindle. When you holddrills or reamers in the tapered hole of the spindle, besure they are tight enough so they will not revolve. Ifyou allow them to revolve, they will score the taperedhole and destroy its accuracy.CarriageThe carriage is the movable support for thecrossfeed slide and the compound rest. The compoundrest carries the cutting tool in the tool post. Figure 9-3shows how the carriage travels along the bed over whichit slides on the outboard ways.The carriage has T-slots or tapped holes to use forclamping work for boring or milling. When the carriageis used for boring and milling operations, carriagemovement feeds the work to the cutting tool, which isrotated by the headstock spindle.You can lock the carriage in any position on the bedby tightening the carriage clamp screw. But you do thisonly when you do such work as facing or parting-off,for which longitudinal feed is not required. Normallythe carriage clamp is kept in the released position.Always move the carriage by hand to be sure it is freebefore you engage its automatic feed.ApronThe apron is attached to the front of the carriage andcontains the mechanism that controls the movement ofthe carriage and the crossslide.Feed RodThe feed rod transmits power to the apron to drivethe longitudinal feed and crossfeed mechanisms. Thefeed rod is driven by the spindle through a train of gears.The ratio of feed rod speed to spindle speed can be variedby using change gears to produce various rates of feed.9-3
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