LEARNING OBJECTIVES
SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES
ENFORCING SAFETY
TAGS, LABELS, AND MARKINGS
SAFETY EQUIPMENT
MACHINE/EQUIPMENT SAFETY
CHEMICAL/SOLVENT HAZARDS
WELDING HAZARDS AND PRECAUTIONS
SOLDERING AND BRAZING SAFETY PRACTICES
RESUSCITATION
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Use of a Tourniquet
Pressure points for control of bleeding.
First-, second-, and third-degree burns.
Rule of Nines.
HEARING CONSERVATION AND NOISE ABATEMENT
MONITORING HEARING TESTS
SUMMARY
SHIP REPAIR
ALTERATIONS EQUIVALENT TO REPAIRS
AMALGAMATED MILITARY AND TECHNICAL IMPROVEMENT PLAN
REPAIR ACTIVITIES
IMA Availabilities
DIVING AND SALVAGE OFFICER
Automated Work Request.
MACHINERY REPAIR DIVISION (R-2).
CONCEPTS OF QUALITY ASSURANCE
THE QA LINK TO MAINTENANCE
Ship Quality Control Inspector
REPAIR PROCEDURES
PLANNING AND SCHEDULING JOBS
Checking on Materials
Estimating time required for a gangway repair job.
WEIGHT CONSIDERATIONS
Priority of Work
Assigning Work
Handling Materials and Equipment
STOWAGE REQUIREMENTS
Types of frames used on board ship.
Basic frame section (longitudinal framing).
STERN STRUCTURE
Bulbous-bow configuration.
Stern Structure.
STANCHIONS
SUMMARY
WOODWORKING CUTS AND JOINTS
TREE GROWTH AND STRUCTURE
CUTTING LUMBER
LUMBER DEFECTS AND BLEMISHES
LUMBER SIZES
MEASURING LUMBER
COMMON TYPES OF WOODS
Common Woods--Continued
Common Woods--Continued
Common Woods--Continued
Kinds of Lumber
Care and Storage of Lumber
Typical Douglas fir back stamp.
STANDARD JOINTS
Dovetail Joints
Mortise-and-Tenon Joints
Figure 3-18.--Box corner joint.
Half-Lap Joints
Figure 3-22.--Planing and squaring to dimension.
Figure 3-24.--Gross half-lap joint.
Grooved Joints
Figure 3-25.--Dado and rabbet joint.
Figure 3-27.--Dovetail half-lap joint.
Box Corner and Miter Joints
Mortise-and-Tenon Joints
Figure 3-34.--Kerf jig for mitered joints.
Figure 3-35.--Slip feather reinforcement.
Figure 3-37.--Mortise-and-tenon joints. A. Stub. B. Haunched. C. Table-haunched.
Figure 3-41.--Panel construction.
FASTENING MATERIALS
Methods of Applying Glue
NAILS, BRADS, DOWELS, AND CORRUGATED FASTENERS
Figure 3-49.--Types of nails and nail sizes.
Wood Screws
Figure 3-51.--Types of wood screws and nomenclature.
Table 3-3.--Screw Sizes and Dimensions
SANDING MATERIALS
Table 3-6.--Abrasive Recommendations
LATHE SANDING
Figure 3-55.--Sanding a lathe job.
BOAT REPAIR AND DECK COVERINGS
Figure 4-1.--A 26-foot Mk 10 motor whaleboat.
Figure 4-4.--A 36-foot Mk 11 LCPL.
EMERGENCY REPAIRS
FERROCEMENT BOATS
PLASTIC BOATS
Basic Considerations
Figure 4-7.--Types of patches applied to reinforced plastic boats.
PLANNING THE REPAIR
Figure 4-9.--Estimating materials.
PREPARING THE DAMAGED AREA
Figure 4-12.--Scarfing operation.
Figure 4-13.--Placing shoring over a film-covered backing plate.
Figure 4-14.--Entire patch being put in place.
Figure 4-15.--Heat lamps in position to speed the cure.
Bolthole Repair
Figure 4-17.--Typical stiffeners.
Figure 4-l8.--Cutting the patch from preformed laminate.
Figure 4-21.--Coating the scarfed side of a damaged boat.
METAL BOATS
ALUMINUM BOAT REPAIR
STEEL BOAT REPAIR
Figure 4-25.--Boat chock for shipboard use.
Figure 4-27.--Using the template.
REPAIRING THE SHEER CLAMP
Figure 4-31.--Transom construction.
Figure 4-34.--Deck supports and transom knee.
RUBBER TILE OR ROLL DECKING MATERIALS
Application of Deck Tile
RUBBER TERRAZZO]
NONSKID DECK TREADS
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
Figure 5-1.--Torque wrenches.
CALIPERS
Caliper Maintenance
Figure 5-4.--Thickness (feeler) gauges.
Figure 5-7.--Steel plate and sheet metal gauges and thicknesses.
Combination Square
Figure 5-9.--Steel square.
Figure 5-11.--Combination square.
WOOD- AND METAL-BORING BITS
Figure 5-16.--Size markings on auger bits.
Table 5-1.--Twist Drill Sizes
MACHINE SPUR BIT
METAL-CUTTING TOOLS
Figure 5-24.--File information.
Care of Files
Using Hacksaws
ELECTRICAL POWER TOOLS
PNEUMATIC POWER TOOLS
Figure 5-35.--Pneumatic rivet setting tools.
THREAD-CUTTING TOOLS
TAPS AND DIES
Figure 5-37.--Types of solid dies.
Figure 5-39.--Diestocks, diecollet, and tap wrenches.
THREAD CHASERS
Figure 5-46.--Oversize drilled hole for tapping.
Table 5-2.--American National Form Threads
Cutting Machine Threads With Taps
INSTALLED MACHINE TOOLS
Figure 5-53.--Power hacksaw.
Hacksaw Blades
Figure 5-55.--Tiltable blade metal-cutting bandsaw.
GRINDERS
Grinding Safety
WHEEL MARKINGS AND COMPOSITION
Figure 5-61.-- How bond affects the grade of a wheel. Wheel
RINDING WHEEL SELECTION AND USE
WHEEL INSTALLATION
TRUING AND DRESSING THE WHEEL
GAS CYLINDERS AND CYLINDER VALVES
CONSTRUCTION OF CYLINDERS
Color Codes for Cylinders
Table 5-4.--Cylinder Color Code
TESTING AND REPAIRING CYLINDERS
Handling Cylinders
Ready-Service Storage Rules
GAS CYLINDER VALVES
Safety Devices for Valves
SUMMARY
METALLURGY
IRON AND STEEL
TENSION STRESS
BENDING STRESS
Figure 6-6.--Grain structure in metals.
INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS
PROPERTIES OF METAL
METAL FATIGUE
PLASTICITY
DUCTILITY AND MALLEABILITY
TYPES OF METAL
Alloy Steel
Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys
IDENTIFICATION TESTS
Figure 6-10.--Fundamental spark forms.
Figure 6-11.--spark pictures formed by common metals.
Oxyacetylene Torch Test
Fracture Test
Table 6-5.--Identification of Metals by Chip Test
Nitric Acid Test
SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION TO WELDING AND CUTTING
Figure 7-1.--Welding processes.
INTIMACY OF CONTACT
WELDABILITY
TYPES OF JOINTS
Figure 7-3.--Bead and fillet welds.
Figure 7-4.--Standard groove welds.
PARTS OF WELDS
Figure 7-9.--Legs and throat of fillet weld.
Figure 7-11.--Groove face, root face, and root edge.
WELDING POSITIONS
Figure 7-15.--Positions for welding pipe.
Figure 7-16.--(A) Backstep sequence; (B) Wandering seqeunce
Figure 7-17.--Multiple-pass layers.
WELD DEFECTS
FLUXES
EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION
WELDING PIPING
P-1 CLASS PIPING
P-LT CLASS PIPING
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
LOCATION OF WELDING
OPERATION OF EQUIPMENT
OPERATION OF EQUIPMENT - Continued
SAFETY OF PERSONNEL
Table 7-1.--Eye Protection Shade Guidelines
SOURCES OF INFORMATION
OXYACETYLENE CUTTING AND WELDING
Figure 8-1.--A portable oxyacetylene outfit.
MAPP Gas Safety
WELDING TORCHES
Figure 8-7.--Equal-pressure welding torch.
WELDING RODS
ADJUSTING THE FLAME
Figure 8-8.--Characteristics of the oxyacetylene flame.
OXYACETYLENE CUTTING
Figure 8-10.--Cutting attachment for an oxyacetylene cutting torch.
Figure 8-11.--Common cutting torch tips and their uses.
Figure 8-12.--Cutting tips in various conditions.
MAPP Gas Cutting Tips
OXYACETYLENE CUTTING OPERATIONS
Beveling Plate
Figure 8-18.--Fabricating a T fitting.
Cutting Rivets
Figure 8-21.--Cutting a countersunk rivet with a low-velocity cutting tip.
Special Cutting Techniques
Judging the Quality of Oxyacetylene Cuts
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Figure 8-26.--Forehand welding.
PRACTICE PROJECTS
Making a Butt Joint (Flat Position)
Making a Corner Joint
Figure 8-36.--Edge preparation required for various types of T joints.
GUIDE FOR OXYACETYLENE WELDING OF NONFERROUS METALS
Nickel and High-Nickel Alloys
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
SUMMARY
BRAZING AND BRAZE WELDING
SILVER BRAZING FILLER METALS
Table 9-1.--Tip Sizes and Gas Pressures for Silver Brazing Various Thicknesses of Metal
Table 9-2.--Silver Brazing Metals Commonly Used in the Navy
TYPES OF JOINTS
SILVER BRAZING TECHNIQUES
Figure 9-6.--Flow of flux and filler metal.
Figure 9-8.--Applying heat for silver brazing a tube and fitting.
Figure 9-9.--Insert method of silver brazing.
Figure 9-10.--Feed-in method of silver brazing.
Table 9-5.--Class P-3a Special Brazed Joint Categories
SILVER BRAZING TECHNIQUES - Continued
BRAZE WELDING
BRAZE WELDING - Continued
SURFACING
Figure 9-13.--Surfacing a lathe cutting tool.
POWDERED METAL FLAME PROCESS
Figure 9-14.--Powdered metal torch and accessories.
Table 9-6.--Powdered Metal Alloys and Some of Their Uses
OPERATING PROCEDURES
Figure 9-18.--Making a powdered metal overlay deposit.
PRECAUTIONS
SOLDERING
Table 9-7.--Selection of Soldering Iron for Work to be Done by Copper Bit Size
Cleaning Soldering Bits
Table 9-8.--Tin-lead Melting Points
SOLDERING WITH IRONS
Figure 9-30.--Making solder beads.
SOLDERING BY SWEATING
METAL-ARC WELDING AND CUTTING
WELDING MACHINES
Figure 10-2.--Reverse polarity and straight polarity.
Figure 10-3.--Paralleling connection for a single-operator welding generator.
Rectifier-Type Welding Machine
GROUNDING ELECTRICAL WELDING EQUIPMENT
ELECTRODE HOLDERS
CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRODES
Table 10-1.--Electrode Classifications
PREPARATIONS FOR WELDING
Table 10-3.--Typical Current Ranges in Amperes for Electrodes
Figure 10-8.--Striking or brushing method of starting the arc.
ARC-WELDING TECHNIQUES
Figure 10-12.--Use of backing strips in welding butt joints.
ARC BLOW
DISTORTION
Figure 10-18.--Welding in the vertical position.
Figure 10-19.--Dimensional changes due to restrained expansion and unrestrained contraction.
Figure 10-20.--Electric induction coils set up for preheating pipe
BASIC THEORY OF ALUMINUM WELDING
Table 10-4.--Causes and Cures of Common Welding Problems
General Considerations
Table 10-5.--Preheat Temperatures for Welding Sheet, Plate, and Tubular Aluminum Sections (Butt Joints)
Figure 10-22.--Recommended joint designs for common thickness of plate.
Welding Power Source
Table 10-6.--Current Selection for GTA Welding
Welding Equipment and Supplies
Dual Action of the AC Arc
Filler Metal
Setting Up Equipment
Establishing an Arc and Forming a Weld Pool
Figure 10-31.--Forming a molten puddle with a GTA torch.
Figure 10-33.--Comparative GTA weld beads as determined by electrical current.
Flat-Position Single-Pass Butt Welds
Horizontal-Position Multipass Fillet and Butt Welds
Vertical-Position Multipass Fillet and Butt Welds
Horizontal Fixed-Position Multipass Welding
GMA Welding Equipment
Figure 10-48.--CMA welding aluminum truck bed.
Table 10-9.--Recommended Practices for GMA Welding of Aluminum Alloys
Filler Metal
Figure 10-52.--GMA welding. (A) Striking the arc. (B) Gun angle.
Figure 10-53.--Reciprocating technique for GMA welding.
Figure 10-56.--Acceptable single-pass and multipass GMA welds
Flat-Position Multipass Butt Welds
Figure 10-62.--Grass porosity in a multipass butt weld.
Figure 10-66.--Welding a fillet and butt joint in the horizontal position.
Vertical-Position Multipass Fillet and Butt Welds
Figure 10-70.--CMA gun manipulation for welding pipe in the horizontal fixed position.
SAFETY
STUD WELDING
Figure 10-71.--Stud welding gun.
ARC CUTTING
Figure 10-75.--Air carbon-arc gun.
SUMMARY
NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTS AND INSPECTIONS OF WELDS
RADIOGRAPHY
Master Control
Figure 11-3.--Principle of X-ray generation.
RADIOACTIVE SOURCE
RADIOGRAPHIC LIMITATIONS
Figure 11-6.--Principles of shadow formation.
CIRCULAR AND LONGITUDINAL MAGNETIZATION
Figure 11-7.--Circular magnetization--prod method.
Defect Repair
LIQUID PENETRANT INSPECTION
ULTRASONIC TESTING
ULTRASONIC PRINCIPLE
Calibration Block
Figure 11-13.--Scanning a weld.
HYDROSTATIC TESTS
Hydrostatic Testing Equipment
Hydrostatic Testing Equipment Setup
PRESSURIZATION
OPERATIONAL TESTS
SHEET METAL LAYOUT AND FABRICATION
Figure 12-3.--Drawing perpendicular parellel lines.
Figure 12-6.--Setting the dividers.
MAKING SIMPLE LAYOUTS
Figure 12-14.--Variation of a cylinder.
Figure 12-17.--Constructing a 90-degree angle by bisecting a line at a given point.
Figure 12-19.--Bisecting an angle.
Figure 12-22.--Layout of a square or rectangular elbow.
Figure 12-24.--Double-hem edge.
Figure 12-30.--Layout of Pittsburgh lock seam.
LAYING OUT NOTCHES
PARALLEL LINE METHOD
Figure 12-37.--Stretchout showing a girth line.
Figure 12-38.--Elevation and plan of intersected pipe.
Figure 12-41.--Pictorial view of pipe intersected at an angle.
PARALLEL LINE METHOD - Continued
Figure 12-46.--Stretchout of the T.
RADIAL LINE METHOD
Figure 12-50.--Developement of a cone cut at any angle.
TRIANGULATION METHOD
Figure 12-51.--Triangulation development of a twisted square.
Figure 12-52.--Development of rectangular-to-round transition piece.
Figure 12-53.--Development of offcenter round-to-round transition piece.
TRANSFERRING THE PATTERNS TO METAL
FABRICATING SHEET METAL
Figure 12-59.--Power-driven squaring shears.
Figure 12-62.--Ring-and-circle shear.
Figure 12-63.--Cutting a disk with the ring-and-circle shear.
Figure 12-67.--Cutting light sheet metal with a cold chisel.
Figure 12-69.--Standard cornice brake.
Figure 12-70.--Some steps in forming a Pittsburgh lock scam.
Figure 12-72.--Box and pan brake (finger brake).
Figure 12-75.--Slip-roll forming machine.
Figure 12-76.--Forming a cylinder on a slip-roll forming machine.
Figure 12-79.--Stakes and stake holder.
Figure 12-81.--Hand forming a cone on a blowhorn stake.
Specialized Metal Forming Machines
Figure 12-90.--Elbow edging rolls for combination rotary machine
RIVETING SHEET METAL
Figure 12-95.--A hand punch.
Figure 12-99.--Hand dolly used to back up rivets.
Figure 12-102.--Pop rivet tools.
Figure 12-103.--Fabricating a locker.
MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF SHEET METAL STRUCTURES
STRUCTURAL STEEL FABRICATION
STRUCTURAL STEEL STORAGE
PARTS OF A BLUEPRINT
LINES AND SYMBOLS
Figure 13-4.--Bill of material.
Figure 13-5.--Line standards.
ADDITIONAL GUIDES
Figure 13-7.--Orthographic projections.
Figure 13-8.--Full- and half-sectional views.
STRUCTURAL METAL SHAPES
STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES
OTHER STEEL SHAPES
SAE/AISI Classification Systems
Figure 13-17.--Steel plate and sheet metal gauges and thicknesses.
Figure 13-19.--SAE classification.
MILITARY SPECIFICATIONS
NUMERICAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM.
Material Cross-Referencing
CUTTING MACHINERY
SHEAR NOMENCLATURE
KNIFE SETTING AND CLEARANCE.
Universal Ironworker
Figure 13-23.--Universal ironworker.
Figure 13-26.--Punch-to-die clearance.
STOCK CUTTING OPERATIONS
Figure 13-29.--Universal ironworker shear end.
Figure 13-30.--Typical notcher and coper work.
Figure 13-33.--Universal Pullmax machine.
Figure 13-34.--Shearing tools.
Plasma Arc Machine
Plasma Arc Torch
PLASMA ARC CUTTING PROCESS
Press Brake
BRAKE PRESS SAFETY
Figure 13-41.--Typical "V" die.
Hossfeld Bender
Figure 13-42.--Hossfeld Bender.
Figure 13-43.--Standard parts and dies.
Figure 13-44.--Types of templates and their use.
BEND ALLOWANCE
Bend Allowance Terms
Computing Bend Allowance
Figure 13-50.--Computing the overall length of a U-bolt.
AVOIDING NOTCHES IN PLATE
Figure 13-51.--Weld repair of partial and full penetration holes.
Figure 13-52.--New inserts or patches crossing existing butt welds.
Figure 13-53.--Access holes intersecting existing welds.
Figure 13-54.--Patch removal involving more than two existing multiple cuts.
STOPPING CRACKS IN PLATE
Figure 13-55.--Ductile metal overlay to arrest cracks in surface ship hull structure.
Figure 13-56.--Flame shrinkage used to correct distortion.
Water Spray Equipment
Fabricating a Bracket
Fabricating a Padeye
Figure 13-65.--Fabricated bases, foundations, and supports.
Figure 13-66.--Fabricated flat leaf hinge.
SHOP MATHEMATICS
DECIMAL FRACTION
Converting Fractions to Decimals
Converting Fractions to Decimals - Continued
Converting Terminating Decimals to Fractions
RATIO AND PROPORTION
GEOMETRIC CONSTRUCTION
BISECTING AN ARC
Figure 14-7.--Drawing a circle through three given points.
BLENDING ARCS AND TANGENTS
Drawing Large Arcs Tangent to Smaller Arcs
Figure 14-16.--Trial-and-error method of finding the center of a circle that passes through three given points.
DRAWING PLANE FIGURES
DRAWING A REGULAR HEXAGON
DRAWING AN ELLIPSE
Concentric-Circle Method
DRAWING SPIRALS AND INVOLUTES
Drawing a Spiral of Archimedes
Figure 14-34.--Drawing a helix.
Figure 14-37.--Areas and volumes for calculating weights of castings.
Figure 14-37.--Areas and volumes for calculating weights of castings--Continued.
PRINCIPLES OF SURFACE DEVELOPMENT
Figure 14-37.--Areas and volumes for calculating weights of castings--Continued.
Figure 14-37.--Areas and volumes for calculating weights of castings--Continued.
Figure 14-38.--Three-dimensional shapes.
PARALLEL DEVELOPMENT
Figure 14-42.--Development of a truncated hexagonal prism.
Figure 14-44.--Development for a four-piece elbow.
Figure 14-46.--Development of a T-joint with two cylindrical pipes of unequal diameters.
Figure 14-47.--Development of a round pipe joint made of two cylindrical pipes of unequal diameters, intersecting at an angle of other than 90.
Figure 14-48.--Development of a pipe joint in which a rectangular pipe intersects a round pipe at an angle other than 90.
Figure 14-50.--Development of a truncated pyramid.
Figure 14-53.--Development of a truncated right cone.
Figure 14-54.--Development by triangulation of a transition piece.
Figure 14-55.--Development of a rectangular transition piece, which is not a true pyramid.
Figure 14-56.--Development of a warped transition piece.
Table 14-1.--Metric System and English Conversion
Table 14-1.--Metric System and English Conversion--Continued
Table 14-1.--Metric System and English Conversion--Continued
Table 14-1.--Metric System and English Conversion--Continued
Table 14-1.--Metric System and English Conversion--Continued
Table 14-1.--Metric System and English Conversion--Continued
Table 14-2.--Mathematics Symbols
Table 14-3.--Table of Decimal Equivalents of Fractions of an Inch
Table 14-4.--Weights and Measures
Table 14-4.--Weights and Measures--Continued
Table 14-5.--Rectangular Capacities
Table 14-6.--Circular Capacities
SUMMARY
PIPING SYSTEMS
Table 15-1.--Schedule Designations of Pipe Size
METHODS OF MANUFACTURE
CHOICE OF MATERIAL AND SIZES
FITTINGS
Figure 15-3.--Typical pipe fittings.
Figure 15-4.--Nipples, plugs, cap, and bushing.
Figure 15-5.--Unions.
Figure 15-6.--Flanges.
Figure 15-7.--Types of globe valve bodies.
BUTTERFLY VALVES
STOP-CHECK VALVES
PRESSURE-REDUCING VALVES
Figure 15-15.--Pneumatic-pressure-controlled reducing valve for low-temperature service.
HYDRAULIC CONTROL VALVES
Figure 15-17.--Bucket-type steam trap.
Figure 15-19.--Lavatory traps.
Figure 15-21.--Basket strainer.
PACKING AND GASKET MATERIALS
Table 15-2.--Color Codes for Valves and Piping
Table 15-3.--Color Codes for Valve Handwheels
Figure 15-23.--Corrugated ribbon packing.
Figure 15-25.--Graphite filament yarn.
Plain Full-Faced Gaskets
INSULATION AND CEMENTS
Figure 15-27.--Permanent-type insulation of pipe fittings, flanges, and valves.
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FLUIDS
PIPING SYSTEM DESIGN
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
DESIGN RESTRICTIONS
Figure 15-28.--Slip-type expansion joint.
COLD SPRING JOINTS
Figure 15-31.--Various types of welded joints.
PRESTRESS
Figure 15-33.--Variable support pipe hangers.
Figure 15-34.--Constant-support pipe hangers.
Figure 15-35.--Sway braces (single spring design).
Figure 15-36.--Symbols used in engineering plans and diagrams.
Figure 15-36.--Symbols used in engineering plans and diagrams--Continued.
Auxiliary Exhaust System
WATER SYSTEMS
SERVICE STEAM DRAINAGE SYSTEM
Electronics Cooling Water System
Figure 15-37. - Hydraulic control system for operating magazine sprinkling control valves.
Drainage System
Figure 15-39.--Stowage of portable manifold for interim washdown system.
HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS
GASOLINE SYSTEMS
Gas Ejecting Systems
SUMMARY
PIPING SYSTEM REPAIRS
PERMANENT REPAIRS
Pipe Length Problems
Figure 16-4.--Bend allowance less than 90 degrees.
Table 16-1.--Tangent Table
Flange Bolthole Layout
Figure 16-6.--Layout for a seven-hole flange.
Table 16-2.--Constant Values for Locating Center of Flange Boltholes
Figure 16-8.--Construction of an ellipse.
MAKING TEMPLATES AND TARGETS
Figure 16-10.--Templates and targets.
Figure 16-12.--Portable pipe bender components and assembly.
ROTARY PIPE BENDERS
POWER PIPE BENDER SAFETY
Figure 16-15.--Bending on a slab.
Post Pipe Bending Inspection
Figure 16-18.--Flatness limits graph.
Figure 16-19.--Pipe cutting, burring, and threading machine.
Flanged Joints
Plain Flange Makeup
Figure 16-22.--Bolt-stud measurements.
SWAGE MAINE FITTINGS
Pipe Preparation
Pipe Inspection and Insertion Marking
Installation and Inspection
Figure 16-28.--Use of the multipurpose gauge.
Figure 16-29.--Proper alignment and fit-up of pipe ends in the coupling.
Figure 16-30.--Quality control inspection.
Figure 16-31.--Layout for bending tubing in segments.
FLARING TUBING
SIZING TUBING AND PIPE
JOINING TUBING AND PIPE
Making a Cup Branch
GLOBE VALVE
Figure 16-42.--Lapping tools.
GATE VALVES
CHECK VALVES
PRESSURE-REDUCING VALVES
EXTERNAL PRESERVATION OF VALVES
Figure 16-45.--Permanent-type insulation of pipe fittings, flanges, and valves.
MISCELLANEOUS REPAIRS
REPAIRING STRAINERS
MATERIAL REPLACEMENT
PROTECTION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
PREPARATION OF PIPES FOR REPAIR
EQUIPMENT TAG OUT
SEWAGE SYSTEMS
SANITATION
DISINFECTANTS
HYGIENIC PRACTICES
WATCH AND TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
Collection Element
TYPES OF CHT SYSTEMS
AERATION SUBSYSTEM
Controller, Alarms, and Level Sensors
Sewage Transfer Hoses
CHT SYSTEM OPERATIONAL MODES
Transit Mode
In-Port Mode
Figure 17-4.--Nested ship sewage transfer.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR IN-PORT MODE
Figure 17-5.--Submarine tender receiving system.
SECURING TENDER RECEIVING OPERATIONS
Toxic Gases
Toxic Gases - Continued
CHT TANK MAINTENANCE NOT REQUIRING TANK ENTRY
Figure 17-1.--Comminutor-type CHT system.
Figure 17-2.--Aeration subsystem.
Figure 17-3.--Strainer-type CHT system.
GLOSSARY
GLOSSARY - Continued
GLOSSARY - Continued
GLOSSARY - Continued
GLOSSARY - Continued
GLOSSARY - Continued
GLOSSARY - Continued
GLOSSARY - Continued
GLOSSARY - Continued
GLOSSARY - Continued
SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES
ENFORCING SAFETY
TAGS, LABELS, AND MARKINGS
SAFETY EQUIPMENT
MACHINE/EQUIPMENT SAFETY
CHEMICAL/SOLVENT HAZARDS
WELDING HAZARDS AND PRECAUTIONS
SOLDERING AND BRAZING SAFETY PRACTICES
RESUSCITATION
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Use of a Tourniquet
Pressure points for control of bleeding.
First-, second-, and third-degree burns.
Rule of Nines.
HEARING CONSERVATION AND NOISE ABATEMENT
MONITORING HEARING TESTS
SUMMARY
SHIP REPAIR
ALTERATIONS EQUIVALENT TO REPAIRS
AMALGAMATED MILITARY AND TECHNICAL IMPROVEMENT PLAN
REPAIR ACTIVITIES
IMA Availabilities
DIVING AND SALVAGE OFFICER
Automated Work Request.
MACHINERY REPAIR DIVISION (R-2).
CONCEPTS OF QUALITY ASSURANCE
THE QA LINK TO MAINTENANCE
Ship Quality Control Inspector
REPAIR PROCEDURES
PLANNING AND SCHEDULING JOBS
Checking on Materials
Estimating time required for a gangway repair job.
WEIGHT CONSIDERATIONS
Priority of Work
Assigning Work
Handling Materials and Equipment
STOWAGE REQUIREMENTS
Types of frames used on board ship.
Basic frame section (longitudinal framing).
STERN STRUCTURE
Bulbous-bow configuration.
Stern Structure.
STANCHIONS
SUMMARY
WOODWORKING CUTS AND JOINTS
TREE GROWTH AND STRUCTURE
CUTTING LUMBER
LUMBER DEFECTS AND BLEMISHES
LUMBER SIZES
MEASURING LUMBER
COMMON TYPES OF WOODS
Common Woods--Continued
Common Woods--Continued
Common Woods--Continued
Kinds of Lumber
Care and Storage of Lumber
Typical Douglas fir back stamp.
STANDARD JOINTS
Dovetail Joints
Mortise-and-Tenon Joints
Figure 3-18.--Box corner joint.
Half-Lap Joints
Figure 3-22.--Planing and squaring to dimension.
Figure 3-24.--Gross half-lap joint.
Grooved Joints
Figure 3-25.--Dado and rabbet joint.
Figure 3-27.--Dovetail half-lap joint.
Box Corner and Miter Joints
Mortise-and-Tenon Joints
Figure 3-34.--Kerf jig for mitered joints.
Figure 3-35.--Slip feather reinforcement.
Figure 3-37.--Mortise-and-tenon joints. A. Stub. B. Haunched. C. Table-haunched.
Figure 3-41.--Panel construction.
FASTENING MATERIALS
Methods of Applying Glue
NAILS, BRADS, DOWELS, AND CORRUGATED FASTENERS
Figure 3-49.--Types of nails and nail sizes.
Wood Screws
Figure 3-51.--Types of wood screws and nomenclature.
Table 3-3.--Screw Sizes and Dimensions
SANDING MATERIALS
Table 3-6.--Abrasive Recommendations
LATHE SANDING
Figure 3-55.--Sanding a lathe job.
BOAT REPAIR AND DECK COVERINGS
Figure 4-1.--A 26-foot Mk 10 motor whaleboat.
Figure 4-4.--A 36-foot Mk 11 LCPL.
EMERGENCY REPAIRS
FERROCEMENT BOATS
PLASTIC BOATS
Basic Considerations
Figure 4-7.--Types of patches applied to reinforced plastic boats.
PLANNING THE REPAIR
Figure 4-9.--Estimating materials.
PREPARING THE DAMAGED AREA
Figure 4-12.--Scarfing operation.
Figure 4-13.--Placing shoring over a film-covered backing plate.
Figure 4-14.--Entire patch being put in place.
Figure 4-15.--Heat lamps in position to speed the cure.
Bolthole Repair
Figure 4-17.--Typical stiffeners.
Figure 4-l8.--Cutting the patch from preformed laminate.
Figure 4-21.--Coating the scarfed side of a damaged boat.
METAL BOATS
ALUMINUM BOAT REPAIR
STEEL BOAT REPAIR
Figure 4-25.--Boat chock for shipboard use.
Figure 4-27.--Using the template.
REPAIRING THE SHEER CLAMP
Figure 4-31.--Transom construction.
Figure 4-34.--Deck supports and transom knee.
RUBBER TILE OR ROLL DECKING MATERIALS
Application of Deck Tile
RUBBER TERRAZZO]
NONSKID DECK TREADS
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
Figure 5-1.--Torque wrenches.
CALIPERS
Caliper Maintenance
Figure 5-4.--Thickness (feeler) gauges.
Figure 5-7.--Steel plate and sheet metal gauges and thicknesses.
Combination Square
Figure 5-9.--Steel square.
Figure 5-11.--Combination square.
WOOD- AND METAL-BORING BITS
Figure 5-16.--Size markings on auger bits.
Table 5-1.--Twist Drill Sizes
MACHINE SPUR BIT
METAL-CUTTING TOOLS
Figure 5-24.--File information.
Care of Files
Using Hacksaws
ELECTRICAL POWER TOOLS
PNEUMATIC POWER TOOLS
Figure 5-35.--Pneumatic rivet setting tools.
THREAD-CUTTING TOOLS
TAPS AND DIES
Figure 5-37.--Types of solid dies.
Figure 5-39.--Diestocks, diecollet, and tap wrenches.
THREAD CHASERS
Figure 5-46.--Oversize drilled hole for tapping.
Table 5-2.--American National Form Threads
Cutting Machine Threads With Taps
INSTALLED MACHINE TOOLS
Figure 5-53.--Power hacksaw.
Hacksaw Blades
Figure 5-55.--Tiltable blade metal-cutting bandsaw.
GRINDERS
Grinding Safety
WHEEL MARKINGS AND COMPOSITION
Figure 5-61.-- How bond affects the grade of a wheel. Wheel
RINDING WHEEL SELECTION AND USE
WHEEL INSTALLATION
TRUING AND DRESSING THE WHEEL
GAS CYLINDERS AND CYLINDER VALVES
CONSTRUCTION OF CYLINDERS
Color Codes for Cylinders
Table 5-4.--Cylinder Color Code
TESTING AND REPAIRING CYLINDERS
Handling Cylinders
Ready-Service Storage Rules
GAS CYLINDER VALVES
Safety Devices for Valves
SUMMARY
METALLURGY
IRON AND STEEL
TENSION STRESS
BENDING STRESS
Figure 6-6.--Grain structure in metals.
INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS
PROPERTIES OF METAL
METAL FATIGUE
PLASTICITY
DUCTILITY AND MALLEABILITY
TYPES OF METAL
Alloy Steel
Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys
IDENTIFICATION TESTS
Figure 6-10.--Fundamental spark forms.
Figure 6-11.--spark pictures formed by common metals.
Oxyacetylene Torch Test
Fracture Test
Table 6-5.--Identification of Metals by Chip Test
Nitric Acid Test
SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION TO WELDING AND CUTTING
Figure 7-1.--Welding processes.
INTIMACY OF CONTACT
WELDABILITY
TYPES OF JOINTS
Figure 7-3.--Bead and fillet welds.
Figure 7-4.--Standard groove welds.
PARTS OF WELDS
Figure 7-9.--Legs and throat of fillet weld.
Figure 7-11.--Groove face, root face, and root edge.
WELDING POSITIONS
Figure 7-15.--Positions for welding pipe.
Figure 7-16.--(A) Backstep sequence; (B) Wandering seqeunce
Figure 7-17.--Multiple-pass layers.
WELD DEFECTS
FLUXES
EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION
WELDING PIPING
P-1 CLASS PIPING
P-LT CLASS PIPING
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
LOCATION OF WELDING
OPERATION OF EQUIPMENT
OPERATION OF EQUIPMENT - Continued
SAFETY OF PERSONNEL
Table 7-1.--Eye Protection Shade Guidelines
SOURCES OF INFORMATION
OXYACETYLENE CUTTING AND WELDING
Figure 8-1.--A portable oxyacetylene outfit.
MAPP Gas Safety
WELDING TORCHES
Figure 8-7.--Equal-pressure welding torch.
WELDING RODS
ADJUSTING THE FLAME
Figure 8-8.--Characteristics of the oxyacetylene flame.
OXYACETYLENE CUTTING
Figure 8-10.--Cutting attachment for an oxyacetylene cutting torch.
Figure 8-11.--Common cutting torch tips and their uses.
Figure 8-12.--Cutting tips in various conditions.
MAPP Gas Cutting Tips
OXYACETYLENE CUTTING OPERATIONS
Beveling Plate
Figure 8-18.--Fabricating a T fitting.
Cutting Rivets
Figure 8-21.--Cutting a countersunk rivet with a low-velocity cutting tip.
Special Cutting Techniques
Judging the Quality of Oxyacetylene Cuts
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Figure 8-26.--Forehand welding.
PRACTICE PROJECTS
Making a Butt Joint (Flat Position)
Making a Corner Joint
Figure 8-36.--Edge preparation required for various types of T joints.
GUIDE FOR OXYACETYLENE WELDING OF NONFERROUS METALS
Nickel and High-Nickel Alloys
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
SUMMARY
BRAZING AND BRAZE WELDING
SILVER BRAZING FILLER METALS
Table 9-1.--Tip Sizes and Gas Pressures for Silver Brazing Various Thicknesses of Metal
Table 9-2.--Silver Brazing Metals Commonly Used in the Navy
TYPES OF JOINTS
SILVER BRAZING TECHNIQUES
Figure 9-6.--Flow of flux and filler metal.
Figure 9-8.--Applying heat for silver brazing a tube and fitting.
Figure 9-9.--Insert method of silver brazing.
Figure 9-10.--Feed-in method of silver brazing.
Table 9-5.--Class P-3a Special Brazed Joint Categories
SILVER BRAZING TECHNIQUES - Continued
BRAZE WELDING
BRAZE WELDING - Continued
SURFACING
Figure 9-13.--Surfacing a lathe cutting tool.
POWDERED METAL FLAME PROCESS
Figure 9-14.--Powdered metal torch and accessories.
Table 9-6.--Powdered Metal Alloys and Some of Their Uses
OPERATING PROCEDURES
Figure 9-18.--Making a powdered metal overlay deposit.
PRECAUTIONS
SOLDERING
Table 9-7.--Selection of Soldering Iron for Work to be Done by Copper Bit Size
Cleaning Soldering Bits
Table 9-8.--Tin-lead Melting Points
SOLDERING WITH IRONS
Figure 9-30.--Making solder beads.
SOLDERING BY SWEATING
METAL-ARC WELDING AND CUTTING
WELDING MACHINES
Figure 10-2.--Reverse polarity and straight polarity.
Figure 10-3.--Paralleling connection for a single-operator welding generator.
Rectifier-Type Welding Machine
GROUNDING ELECTRICAL WELDING EQUIPMENT
ELECTRODE HOLDERS
CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRODES
Table 10-1.--Electrode Classifications
PREPARATIONS FOR WELDING
Table 10-3.--Typical Current Ranges in Amperes for Electrodes
Figure 10-8.--Striking or brushing method of starting the arc.
ARC-WELDING TECHNIQUES
Figure 10-12.--Use of backing strips in welding butt joints.
ARC BLOW
DISTORTION
Figure 10-18.--Welding in the vertical position.
Figure 10-19.--Dimensional changes due to restrained expansion and unrestrained contraction.
Figure 10-20.--Electric induction coils set up for preheating pipe
BASIC THEORY OF ALUMINUM WELDING
Table 10-4.--Causes and Cures of Common Welding Problems
General Considerations
Table 10-5.--Preheat Temperatures for Welding Sheet, Plate, and Tubular Aluminum Sections (Butt Joints)
Figure 10-22.--Recommended joint designs for common thickness of plate.
Welding Power Source
Table 10-6.--Current Selection for GTA Welding
Welding Equipment and Supplies
Dual Action of the AC Arc
Filler Metal
Setting Up Equipment
Establishing an Arc and Forming a Weld Pool
Figure 10-31.--Forming a molten puddle with a GTA torch.
Figure 10-33.--Comparative GTA weld beads as determined by electrical current.
Flat-Position Single-Pass Butt Welds
Horizontal-Position Multipass Fillet and Butt Welds
Vertical-Position Multipass Fillet and Butt Welds
Horizontal Fixed-Position Multipass Welding
GMA Welding Equipment
Figure 10-48.--CMA welding aluminum truck bed.
Table 10-9.--Recommended Practices for GMA Welding of Aluminum Alloys
Filler Metal
Figure 10-52.--GMA welding. (A) Striking the arc. (B) Gun angle.
Figure 10-53.--Reciprocating technique for GMA welding.
Figure 10-56.--Acceptable single-pass and multipass GMA welds
Flat-Position Multipass Butt Welds
Figure 10-62.--Grass porosity in a multipass butt weld.
Figure 10-66.--Welding a fillet and butt joint in the horizontal position.
Vertical-Position Multipass Fillet and Butt Welds
Figure 10-70.--CMA gun manipulation for welding pipe in the horizontal fixed position.
SAFETY
STUD WELDING
Figure 10-71.--Stud welding gun.
ARC CUTTING
Figure 10-75.--Air carbon-arc gun.
SUMMARY
NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTS AND INSPECTIONS OF WELDS
RADIOGRAPHY
Master Control
Figure 11-3.--Principle of X-ray generation.
RADIOACTIVE SOURCE
RADIOGRAPHIC LIMITATIONS
Figure 11-6.--Principles of shadow formation.
CIRCULAR AND LONGITUDINAL MAGNETIZATION
Figure 11-7.--Circular magnetization--prod method.
Defect Repair
LIQUID PENETRANT INSPECTION
ULTRASONIC TESTING
ULTRASONIC PRINCIPLE
Calibration Block
Figure 11-13.--Scanning a weld.
HYDROSTATIC TESTS
Hydrostatic Testing Equipment
Hydrostatic Testing Equipment Setup
PRESSURIZATION
OPERATIONAL TESTS
SHEET METAL LAYOUT AND FABRICATION
Figure 12-3.--Drawing perpendicular parellel lines.
Figure 12-6.--Setting the dividers.
MAKING SIMPLE LAYOUTS
Figure 12-14.--Variation of a cylinder.
Figure 12-17.--Constructing a 90-degree angle by bisecting a line at a given point.
Figure 12-19.--Bisecting an angle.
Figure 12-22.--Layout of a square or rectangular elbow.
Figure 12-24.--Double-hem edge.
Figure 12-30.--Layout of Pittsburgh lock seam.
LAYING OUT NOTCHES
PARALLEL LINE METHOD
Figure 12-37.--Stretchout showing a girth line.
Figure 12-38.--Elevation and plan of intersected pipe.
Figure 12-41.--Pictorial view of pipe intersected at an angle.
PARALLEL LINE METHOD - Continued
Figure 12-46.--Stretchout of the T.
RADIAL LINE METHOD
Figure 12-50.--Developement of a cone cut at any angle.
TRIANGULATION METHOD
Figure 12-51.--Triangulation development of a twisted square.
Figure 12-52.--Development of rectangular-to-round transition piece.
Figure 12-53.--Development of offcenter round-to-round transition piece.
TRANSFERRING THE PATTERNS TO METAL
FABRICATING SHEET METAL
Figure 12-59.--Power-driven squaring shears.
Figure 12-62.--Ring-and-circle shear.
Figure 12-63.--Cutting a disk with the ring-and-circle shear.
Figure 12-67.--Cutting light sheet metal with a cold chisel.
Figure 12-69.--Standard cornice brake.
Figure 12-70.--Some steps in forming a Pittsburgh lock scam.
Figure 12-72.--Box and pan brake (finger brake).
Figure 12-75.--Slip-roll forming machine.
Figure 12-76.--Forming a cylinder on a slip-roll forming machine.
Figure 12-79.--Stakes and stake holder.
Figure 12-81.--Hand forming a cone on a blowhorn stake.
Specialized Metal Forming Machines
Figure 12-90.--Elbow edging rolls for combination rotary machine
RIVETING SHEET METAL
Figure 12-95.--A hand punch.
Figure 12-99.--Hand dolly used to back up rivets.
Figure 12-102.--Pop rivet tools.
Figure 12-103.--Fabricating a locker.
MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF SHEET METAL STRUCTURES
STRUCTURAL STEEL FABRICATION
STRUCTURAL STEEL STORAGE
PARTS OF A BLUEPRINT
LINES AND SYMBOLS
Figure 13-4.--Bill of material.
Figure 13-5.--Line standards.
ADDITIONAL GUIDES
Figure 13-7.--Orthographic projections.
Figure 13-8.--Full- and half-sectional views.
STRUCTURAL METAL SHAPES
STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPES
OTHER STEEL SHAPES
SAE/AISI Classification Systems
Figure 13-17.--Steel plate and sheet metal gauges and thicknesses.
Figure 13-19.--SAE classification.
MILITARY SPECIFICATIONS
NUMERICAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM.
Material Cross-Referencing
CUTTING MACHINERY
SHEAR NOMENCLATURE
KNIFE SETTING AND CLEARANCE.
Universal Ironworker
Figure 13-23.--Universal ironworker.
Figure 13-26.--Punch-to-die clearance.
STOCK CUTTING OPERATIONS
Figure 13-29.--Universal ironworker shear end.
Figure 13-30.--Typical notcher and coper work.
Figure 13-33.--Universal Pullmax machine.
Figure 13-34.--Shearing tools.
Plasma Arc Machine
Plasma Arc Torch
PLASMA ARC CUTTING PROCESS
Press Brake
BRAKE PRESS SAFETY
Figure 13-41.--Typical "V" die.
Hossfeld Bender
Figure 13-42.--Hossfeld Bender.
Figure 13-43.--Standard parts and dies.
Figure 13-44.--Types of templates and their use.
BEND ALLOWANCE
Bend Allowance Terms
Computing Bend Allowance
Figure 13-50.--Computing the overall length of a U-bolt.
AVOIDING NOTCHES IN PLATE
Figure 13-51.--Weld repair of partial and full penetration holes.
Figure 13-52.--New inserts or patches crossing existing butt welds.
Figure 13-53.--Access holes intersecting existing welds.
Figure 13-54.--Patch removal involving more than two existing multiple cuts.
STOPPING CRACKS IN PLATE
Figure 13-55.--Ductile metal overlay to arrest cracks in surface ship hull structure.
Figure 13-56.--Flame shrinkage used to correct distortion.
Water Spray Equipment
Fabricating a Bracket
Fabricating a Padeye
Figure 13-65.--Fabricated bases, foundations, and supports.
Figure 13-66.--Fabricated flat leaf hinge.
SHOP MATHEMATICS
DECIMAL FRACTION
Converting Fractions to Decimals
Converting Fractions to Decimals - Continued
Converting Terminating Decimals to Fractions
RATIO AND PROPORTION
GEOMETRIC CONSTRUCTION
BISECTING AN ARC
Figure 14-7.--Drawing a circle through three given points.
BLENDING ARCS AND TANGENTS
Drawing Large Arcs Tangent to Smaller Arcs
Figure 14-16.--Trial-and-error method of finding the center of a circle that passes through three given points.
DRAWING PLANE FIGURES
DRAWING A REGULAR HEXAGON
DRAWING AN ELLIPSE
Concentric-Circle Method
DRAWING SPIRALS AND INVOLUTES
Drawing a Spiral of Archimedes
Figure 14-34.--Drawing a helix.
Figure 14-37.--Areas and volumes for calculating weights of castings.
Figure 14-37.--Areas and volumes for calculating weights of castings--Continued.
PRINCIPLES OF SURFACE DEVELOPMENT
Figure 14-37.--Areas and volumes for calculating weights of castings--Continued.
Figure 14-37.--Areas and volumes for calculating weights of castings--Continued.
Figure 14-38.--Three-dimensional shapes.
PARALLEL DEVELOPMENT
Figure 14-42.--Development of a truncated hexagonal prism.
Figure 14-44.--Development for a four-piece elbow.
Figure 14-46.--Development of a T-joint with two cylindrical pipes of unequal diameters.
Figure 14-47.--Development of a round pipe joint made of two cylindrical pipes of unequal diameters, intersecting at an angle of other than 90.
Figure 14-48.--Development of a pipe joint in which a rectangular pipe intersects a round pipe at an angle other than 90.
Figure 14-50.--Development of a truncated pyramid.
Figure 14-53.--Development of a truncated right cone.
Figure 14-54.--Development by triangulation of a transition piece.
Figure 14-55.--Development of a rectangular transition piece, which is not a true pyramid.
Figure 14-56.--Development of a warped transition piece.
Table 14-1.--Metric System and English Conversion
Table 14-1.--Metric System and English Conversion--Continued
Table 14-1.--Metric System and English Conversion--Continued
Table 14-1.--Metric System and English Conversion--Continued
Table 14-1.--Metric System and English Conversion--Continued
Table 14-1.--Metric System and English Conversion--Continued
Table 14-2.--Mathematics Symbols
Table 14-3.--Table of Decimal Equivalents of Fractions of an Inch
Table 14-4.--Weights and Measures
Table 14-4.--Weights and Measures--Continued
Table 14-5.--Rectangular Capacities
Table 14-6.--Circular Capacities
SUMMARY
PIPING SYSTEMS
Table 15-1.--Schedule Designations of Pipe Size
METHODS OF MANUFACTURE
CHOICE OF MATERIAL AND SIZES
FITTINGS
Figure 15-3.--Typical pipe fittings.
Figure 15-4.--Nipples, plugs, cap, and bushing.
Figure 15-5.--Unions.
Figure 15-6.--Flanges.
Figure 15-7.--Types of globe valve bodies.
BUTTERFLY VALVES
STOP-CHECK VALVES
PRESSURE-REDUCING VALVES
Figure 15-15.--Pneumatic-pressure-controlled reducing valve for low-temperature service.
HYDRAULIC CONTROL VALVES
Figure 15-17.--Bucket-type steam trap.
Figure 15-19.--Lavatory traps.
Figure 15-21.--Basket strainer.
PACKING AND GASKET MATERIALS
Table 15-2.--Color Codes for Valves and Piping
Table 15-3.--Color Codes for Valve Handwheels
Figure 15-23.--Corrugated ribbon packing.
Figure 15-25.--Graphite filament yarn.
Plain Full-Faced Gaskets
INSULATION AND CEMENTS
Figure 15-27.--Permanent-type insulation of pipe fittings, flanges, and valves.
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FLUIDS
PIPING SYSTEM DESIGN
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
DESIGN RESTRICTIONS
Figure 15-28.--Slip-type expansion joint.
COLD SPRING JOINTS
Figure 15-31.--Various types of welded joints.
PRESTRESS
Figure 15-33.--Variable support pipe hangers.
Figure 15-34.--Constant-support pipe hangers.
Figure 15-35.--Sway braces (single spring design).
Figure 15-36.--Symbols used in engineering plans and diagrams.
Figure 15-36.--Symbols used in engineering plans and diagrams--Continued.
Auxiliary Exhaust System
WATER SYSTEMS
SERVICE STEAM DRAINAGE SYSTEM
Electronics Cooling Water System
Figure 15-37. - Hydraulic control system for operating magazine sprinkling control valves.
Drainage System
Figure 15-39.--Stowage of portable manifold for interim washdown system.
HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS
GASOLINE SYSTEMS
Gas Ejecting Systems
SUMMARY
PIPING SYSTEM REPAIRS
PERMANENT REPAIRS
Pipe Length Problems
Figure 16-4.--Bend allowance less than 90 degrees.
Table 16-1.--Tangent Table
Flange Bolthole Layout
Figure 16-6.--Layout for a seven-hole flange.
Table 16-2.--Constant Values for Locating Center of Flange Boltholes
Figure 16-8.--Construction of an ellipse.
MAKING TEMPLATES AND TARGETS
Figure 16-10.--Templates and targets.
Figure 16-12.--Portable pipe bender components and assembly.
ROTARY PIPE BENDERS
POWER PIPE BENDER SAFETY
Figure 16-15.--Bending on a slab.
Post Pipe Bending Inspection
Figure 16-18.--Flatness limits graph.
Figure 16-19.--Pipe cutting, burring, and threading machine.
Flanged Joints
Plain Flange Makeup
Figure 16-22.--Bolt-stud measurements.
SWAGE MAINE FITTINGS
Pipe Preparation
Pipe Inspection and Insertion Marking
Installation and Inspection
Figure 16-28.--Use of the multipurpose gauge.
Figure 16-29.--Proper alignment and fit-up of pipe ends in the coupling.
Figure 16-30.--Quality control inspection.
Figure 16-31.--Layout for bending tubing in segments.
FLARING TUBING
SIZING TUBING AND PIPE
JOINING TUBING AND PIPE
Making a Cup Branch
GLOBE VALVE
Figure 16-42.--Lapping tools.
GATE VALVES
CHECK VALVES
PRESSURE-REDUCING VALVES
EXTERNAL PRESERVATION OF VALVES
Figure 16-45.--Permanent-type insulation of pipe fittings, flanges, and valves.
MISCELLANEOUS REPAIRS
REPAIRING STRAINERS
MATERIAL REPLACEMENT
PROTECTION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
PREPARATION OF PIPES FOR REPAIR
EQUIPMENT TAG OUT
SEWAGE SYSTEMS
SANITATION
DISINFECTANTS
HYGIENIC PRACTICES
WATCH AND TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
Collection Element
TYPES OF CHT SYSTEMS
AERATION SUBSYSTEM
Controller, Alarms, and Level Sensors
Sewage Transfer Hoses
CHT SYSTEM OPERATIONAL MODES
Transit Mode
In-Port Mode
Figure 17-4.--Nested ship sewage transfer.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR IN-PORT MODE
Figure 17-5.--Submarine tender receiving system.
SECURING TENDER RECEIVING OPERATIONS
Toxic Gases
Toxic Gases - Continued
CHT TANK MAINTENANCE NOT REQUIRING TANK ENTRY
Figure 17-1.--Comminutor-type CHT system.
Figure 17-2.--Aeration subsystem.
Figure 17-3.--Strainer-type CHT system.
GLOSSARY
GLOSSARY - Continued
GLOSSARY - Continued
GLOSSARY - Continued
GLOSSARY - Continued
GLOSSARY - Continued
GLOSSARY - Continued
GLOSSARY - Continued
GLOSSARY - Continued
GLOSSARY - Continued
